The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Remainder \Re*main"der\, a.
   Remaining; left; left over; refuse.
   [1913 Webster]

         Which is as dry as the remainder biscuit
         After a voyage.                          --Shak.
   [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Remainder \Re*main"der\ (r?-m?n"d?r), n. [OF. remaindre, inf.
   See Remain.]
   1. Anything that remains, or is left, after the separation
      and removal of a part; residue; remnant. "The last
      remainders of unhappy Troy." --Dryden.
      [1913 Webster]

            If these decoctions be repeated till the water comes
            off clear, the remainder yields no salt.
                                                  --Arbuthnot.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. (Math.) The quantity or sum that is left after
      subtraction, or after any deduction.
      [1913 Webster]

   3. (Law) An estate in expectancy, generally in land, which
      becomes an estate in possession upon the determination of
      a particular prior estate, created at the same time, and
      by the same instrument; for example, if land be conveyed
      to A for life, and on his death to B, A's life interest is
      a particuar estate, and B's interest is a remainder, or
      estate in remainder.
      [1913 Webster]

   Syn: Balance; rest; residue; remnant; leavings.
        [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

remainder
    n 1: something left after other parts have been taken away;
         "there was no remainder"; "he threw away the rest"; "he
         took what he wanted and I got the balance" [syn:
         remainder, balance, residual, residue, residuum,
         rest]
    2: the part of the dividend that is left over when the dividend
       is not evenly divisible by the divisor
    3: the number that remains after subtraction; the number that
       when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend [syn:
       remainder, difference]
    4: a piece of cloth that is left over after the rest has been
       used or sold [syn: end, remainder, remnant, oddment]
    v 1: sell cheaply as remainders; "The publisher remaindered the
         books"

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

106 Moby Thesaurus words for "remainder":
   adjunct, afterlife, balance, bonus, component, contingent,
   copyhold, credit, cross section, deficit, detachment, detail,
   difference, discrepancy, dividend, division, dole, epact,
   equitable estate, estate at sufferance, estate for life,
   estate for years, estate in expectancy, estate in fee,
   estate in possession, estate tail, excess, extra, fee, fee simple,
   fee tail, feod, feodum, feud, feudal estate, fief, following,
   fraction, future time, gratuity, hangover, heel, installment, item,
   lagniappe, lateness, lease, leasehold, leavings, leftover,
   leftovers, legal estate, margin, net, next life, overage,
   overmeasure, overplus, overrun, overset, overstock, oversupply,
   paramount estate, parcel, part, particular, particular estate,
   percentage, plus, portion, postdate, postdating, posteriority,
   pourboire, provenience, quadrant, quarter, quota, random sample,
   remains, remnant, residual, residue, residuum, rest, reversion,
   sample, sampling, section, sector, segment, sequence, share,
   something extra, spare, subdivision, subgroup, subsequence,
   subspecies, succession, supervenience, supervention, surplus,
   surplusage, tip, vested estate



Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856):

REMAINDER, estates. The remnant of an estate in lands or tenements expectant
on a particular estate, created together with the same, at one time. Co.
Litt. 143 a.
     2. Remainders are either vested or contingent. A vested remainder is
one by which a present interest passes to the party. though to be enjoyed in
future; and by which the estate is invariably fixed to remain to a
determinate person, after the particular estate has been spent. Vide 2 Jo
ins. R. 288; 1 Yeates, R. 340.
     3. A contingent remainder is one which is limited to take effect on an
event or condition, which may never happen or be performed, or which may not
happen or be performed till after the determination of the preceding
particular estate; in which case such remainder never can take effect.
     4. According to Mr. Fearne, contingent remainders may properly be
distinguished into four sorts. 1. Where the remainder depends entirely on a
contingent determination of the preceding estate itself. 2. Where the
contingency on which the remainder is to take effect, is independent of the
determination of the preceding estate. 3. Where the condition upon which the
remainder is limited, is certain in event, but the determination of the
particular estate may happen before it. 4. Where the person, to whom the
remainder is limited, is not yet ascertained, or not yet in being. Fearne,
5.
     5. The pupillary substitutions of the civil law somewhat resembled
contingent remainders. 1 Brown's Civ. Law, 214, n.; Burr. 1623. Vide,
generally, Viner's Ab. h.t.; Bac. Ab. h. t; Com. Dig. h.t.; 4 Kent, Com.
189; Yelv. 1, n.; Cruise, Dig. tit. 16; 1 Supp. to Ves. jr. 184; Bouv. Inst.
Index, h.t.