The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Aliquot \Al"i*quot\, a. [L. aliquot some, several; alius other +
   quot how many: cf. F. aliquote.] (Math.)
   An aliquot part of a number or quantity is one which will
   divide it without a remainder; thus, 5 is an aliquot part of
   15. Opposed to aliquant.
   [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

aliquot
    adj 1: signifying an exact divisor or factor of a quantity
    n 1: an integer that is an exact divisor of some quantity; "4 is
         an aliquot part of 12" [syn: aliquot, aliquot part]
         [ant: aliquant, aliquant part]

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

39 Moby Thesaurus words for "aliquot":
   algorismic, algorithmic, cardinal, decimal, differential, digital,
   even, exponential, figural, figurate, figurative, finite,
   fractional, imaginary, impair, impossible, infinite, integral,
   irrational, logarithmic, logometric, negative, numeral, numerary,
   numerative, numeric, odd, ordinal, pair, positive, possible, prime,
   radical, rational, real, reciprocal, submultiple, surd,
   transcendental