The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Republic \Re*pub"lic\ (r?-p?b"l?k), n. [F. r['e]publique, L.
   respublica commonwealth; res a thing, an affair + publicus,
   publica, public. See Real, a., and Public.]
   [1913 Webster]
   1. Common weal. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. A state in which the sovereign power resides in the whole
      body of the people, and is exercised by representatives
      elected by them; a commonwealth. Cf. Democracy, 2.
      [1913 Webster]

   Note: In some ancient states called republics the sovereign
         power was exercised by an hereditary aristocracy or a
         privileged few, constituting a government now
         distinctively called an aristocracy. In some there was
         a division of authority between an aristocracy and the
         whole body of the people except slaves. No existing
         republic recognizes an exclusive privilege of any class
         to govern, or tolerates the institution of slavery.
         [1913 Webster]

   Republic of letters, The collective body of literary or
      learned men.
      [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

republic
    n 1: a political system in which the supreme power lies in a
         body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
         [syn: democracy, republic, commonwealth]
    2: a form of government whose head of state is not a monarch;
       "the head of state in a republic is usually a president"

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

109 Moby Thesaurus words for "republic":
   absolute monarchy, ally, archduchy, archdukedom, aristocracy,
   autarchy, autocracy, autonomy, body politic, buffer state,
   captive nation, chieftaincy, chieftainry, city-state,
   coalition government, colonialism, colony, commonweal,
   commonwealth, constitutional government, constitutional monarchy,
   country, county, democracy, dictatorship, domain, dominion,
   dominion rule, duarchy, duchy, dukedom, duumvirate, dyarchy,
   earldom, empery, empire, federal government, federation,
   feudal system, free city, garrison state, gerontocracy,
   grand duchy, heteronomy, hierarchy, hierocracy, home rule, kingdom,
   land, limited monarchy, mandant, mandate, mandated territory,
   mandatee, mandatory, martial law, meritocracy, militarism,
   military government, mob rule, mobocracy, monarchy, nation,
   nationality, neocolonialism, ochlocracy, oligarchy, pantisocracy,
   patriarchate, patriarchy, police state, polis, polity, possession,
   power, principality, principate, protectorate, province,
   puppet government, puppet regime, pure democracy, realm, regency,
   representative democracy, representative government, satellite,
   self-determination, self-government, seneschalty, settlement,
   social democracy, sovereign nation, state, stratocracy, sultanate,
   superpower, technocracy, territory, thearchy, theocracy, toparchia,
   toparchy, totalitarian government, totalitarian regime, triarchy,
   triumvirate, tyranny, welfare state



Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856):

REPUBLIC. A commonwealth; that form of government in which the
administration of affairs is open to all the citizens. In another sense, it
signifies the state, independently of its form of government. 1 Toull. n.
28, and n. 202, note. In this sense, it is used by Ben Johnson. Those that,
by their deeds make it known, whose dignity they do sustain; And life,
state, glory, all they gain, Count the Republic's, not their own, Vide Body
Politic; Nation; State.



The Devil's Dictionary (1881-1906):

REPUBLIC, n.  A nation in which, the thing governing and the thing
governed being the same, there is only a permitted authority to
enforce an optional obedience.  In a republic, the foundation of
public order is the ever lessening habit of submission inherited from
ancestors who, being truly governed, submitted because they had to.
There are as many kinds of republics as there are graduations between
the despotism whence they came and the anarchy whither they lead.


U.S. Gazetteer Counties (2000):

Republic -- U.S. County in Kansas
   Population (2000):    5835
   Housing Units (2000): 3113
   Land area (2000):     716.383120 sq. miles (1855.423684 sq. km)
   Water area (2000):    3.929816 sq. miles (10.178177 sq. km)
   Total area (2000):    720.312936 sq. miles (1865.601861 sq. km)
   Located within:       Kansas (KS), FIPS 20
   Location:             39.823297 N, 97.647948 W
   Headwords:
    Republic
    Republic, KS
    Republic County
    Republic County, KS


U.S. Gazetteer Places (2000):

Republic, MO -- U.S. city in Missouri
   Population (2000):    8438
   Housing Units (2000): 3298
   Land area (2000):     5.595163 sq. miles (14.491405 sq. km)
   Water area (2000):    0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
   Total area (2000):    5.595163 sq. miles (14.491405 sq. km)
   FIPS code:            61238
   Located within:       Missouri (MO), FIPS 29
   Location:             37.121652 N, 93.471440 W
   ZIP Codes (1990):     65738
   Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
   Headwords:
    Republic, MO
    Republic


U.S. Gazetteer Places (2000):

Republic, OH -- U.S. village in Ohio
   Population (2000):    614
   Housing Units (2000): 237
   Land area (2000):     0.863039 sq. miles (2.235260 sq. km)
   Water area (2000):    0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
   Total area (2000):    0.863039 sq. miles (2.235260 sq. km)
   FIPS code:            66320
   Located within:       Ohio (OH), FIPS 39
   Location:             41.121793 N, 83.017478 W
   ZIP Codes (1990):     44867
   Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
   Headwords:
    Republic, OH
    Republic


U.S. Gazetteer Places (2000):

Republic, PA -- U.S. Census Designated Place in Pennsylvania
   Population (2000):    1396
   Housing Units (2000): 714
   Land area (2000):     0.739644 sq. miles (1.915668 sq. km)
   Water area (2000):    0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
   Total area (2000):    0.739644 sq. miles (1.915668 sq. km)
   FIPS code:            64224
   Located within:       Pennsylvania (PA), FIPS 42
   Location:             39.965531 N, 79.878064 W
   ZIP Codes (1990):     15475
   Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
   Headwords:
    Republic, PA
    Republic


U.S. Gazetteer Places (2000):

Republic, KS -- U.S. city in Kansas
   Population (2000):    161
   Housing Units (2000): 108
   Land area (2000):     0.261363 sq. miles (0.676927 sq. km)
   Water area (2000):    0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
   Total area (2000):    0.261363 sq. miles (0.676927 sq. km)
   FIPS code:            59000
   Located within:       Kansas (KS), FIPS 20
   Location:             39.923636 N, 97.822412 W
   ZIP Codes (1990):     66964
   Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
   Headwords:
    Republic, KS
    Republic


U.S. Gazetteer Places (2000):

Republic, MI -- U.S. Census Designated Place in Michigan
   Population (2000):    614
   Housing Units (2000): 356
   Land area (2000):     3.609384 sq. miles (9.348262 sq. km)
   Water area (2000):    0.296779 sq. miles (0.768655 sq. km)
   Total area (2000):    3.906163 sq. miles (10.116917 sq. km)
   FIPS code:            67980
   Located within:       Michigan (MI), FIPS 26
   Location:             46.381067 N, 87.982893 W
   ZIP Codes (1990):     49879
   Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
   Headwords:
    Republic, MI
    Republic


U.S. Gazetteer Places (2000):

Republic, WA -- U.S. city in Washington
   Population (2000):    954
   Housing Units (2000): 500
   Land area (2000):     1.582231 sq. miles (4.097960 sq. km)
   Water area (2000):    0.007517 sq. miles (0.019469 sq. km)
   Total area (2000):    1.589748 sq. miles (4.117429 sq. km)
   FIPS code:            57850
   Located within:       Washington (WA), FIPS 53
   Location:             48.648159 N, 118.734947 W
   ZIP Codes (1990):     99166
   Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
   Headwords:
    Republic, WA
    Republic