The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Pigment \Pig"ment\, n. [L. pigmentum, fr. the root of pingere to
   paint: cf. F. pigment. See Paint, and cf. Pimento,
   Orpiment.]
   1. Any material from which a dye, a paint, or the like, may
      be prepared; particularly, the refined and purified
      coloring matter ready for mixing with an appropriate
      vehicle.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. (Physiol.) Any one of the colored substances found in
      animal and vegetable tissues and fluids, as bilirubin,
      urobilin, chlorophyll, etc.
      [1913 Webster]

   3. Wine flavored with species and honey. --Sir W. Scott.
      [1913 Webster]

   Pigment cell (Physiol.), a small cell containing coloring
      matter, as the pigmented epithelial cells of the choroid
      and iris, or the pigmented connective tissue cells in the
      skin of fishes, reptiles, etc.
      [1913 Webster] Pigmental

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

pigment
    n 1: dry coloring material (especially a powder to be mixed with
         a liquid to produce paint, etc.)
    2: any substance whose presence in plant or animal tissues
       produces a characteristic color
    3: a substance used as a coating to protect or decorate a
       surface (especially a mixture of pigment suspended in a
       liquid); dries to form a hard coating; "artists use `paint'
       and `pigment' interchangeably" [syn: paint, pigment]
    v 1: acquire pigment; become colored or imbued
    2: color or dye with a pigment; "pigment a photograph"

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

565 Moby Thesaurus words for "pigment":
   Adrianople red, Alice blue, Arabian red, Argos brown, Bordeaux,
   Brunswick black, Brunswick blue, Burgundy, Capri blue,
   Cassel yellow, Chinese blue, Chinese white, Claude tint,
   Cologne brown, Columbian red, Congo rubine, Copenhagen blue,
   Dresden blue, Dutch orange, Egyptian green, English red,
   French blue, French gray, Gobelin blue, Goya, Guinea green,
   India pink, Indian red, Irish green, Janus green, Kelly green,
   Kendal green, Kildare green, Lincoln green, Majolica earth,
   Mars orange, Mars violet, Mexican red, Mitis green,
   Montpellier green, Nile green, Paris green, Paris yellow,
   Persian blue, Persian red, Pompeian blue, Prussian blue,
   Prussian red, Quaker green, Roman umber, Saint Benoit, Saxe blue,
   Saxony green, Schweinfurt green, Spanish green, Spanish ocher,
   Tanagra, Titian, Turkey red, Turkey umber, Tyrian purple,
   Vandyke red, Vienna green, Wedgwood blue, Wedgwood green, absinthe,
   acid yellow, acier, acorn, air brush, alabaster, alesan,
   alizarin brown, amber, amethyst, amidonaphthol red, aniline black,
   aniline blue, annatto, anthracene brown, anthragallol,
   antique brown, antique gold, apple green, apply paint, apricot,
   aqua green, aquamarine, arsenic yellow, art paper, ash, ash gray,
   aureolin, autumn leaf, avocado green, azo blue, azo-orange,
   azulene, azure, azurite blue, baby blue, barium sulfate, bat,
   bedaub, bedizen, begild, benzoazurine, beryl, beryl green, besmear,
   bice, biscuit, bister, blanc fixe, bleu celeste, blond, blue black,
   blue turquoise, bone black, bone brown, bottle green, bracken,
   bright rose, brush, brush on paint, buff, bunny brown, burgundy,
   burnt Roman ocher, burnt almond, burnt carmine, burnt ocher,
   burnt rose, burnt sienna, butter, cadet blue, cadmium orange,
   cadmium yellow, cafe noir, calamine blue, calcimine, camera lucida,
   camera obscura, canary, canvas, carbon black, cardinal, carmine,
   carnation, carnelian, carotene, celadon, cerulean, chalk, chamois,
   champagne, charcoal, chartreuse, chartreuse green, chartreuse tint,
   chartreuse yellow, chestnut, chrome, chrome black, chrome lemon,
   chrome orange, chrome oxide green, chrome red, chrome yellow,
   chromogen, chrysophenin, chrysoprase green, ciba blue, cinder gray,
   cinnabar, citron green, civette green, claret, clematis,
   cloud gray, coat, coat of paint, coating, cobalt, cobalt green,
   cochineal, coconut, color, color filter, color gelatin, colorant,
   coloring, complexion, copper, copper red, coptic, corbeau,
   cordovan, cornflower, cover, cramoisie, crash, crayon, cream,
   cresol red, crimson, crocus, crystal gray, cucumber green, cyan,
   cyanine blue, cypress green, dab, dahlia, damask, damson,
   dandelion, daub, dead leaf, dead-color, deep-dye, delft blue, dip,
   distemper, doeskin, double-dye, dove gray, drab, drawing paper,
   drawing pencil, drier, drop black, duck green, dun, dye, dyestuff,
   easel, eggshell, emblazon, emerald, emeraude, enamel, engild,
   exterior paint, face, faded rose, fast-dye, fiesta, fir, fire red,
   fixative, flat coat, flat wash, flax, flesh, flesh color,
   flesh red, floor enamel, foliage brown, fox, fresco, fuchsia,
   fuchsine, gamboge, garter blue, gild, glauconite, glaucous,
   glaucous blue, glaucous gray, glaucous green, glaze, gloss,
   golden pheasant, grain, grape, grass green, green ocher, grege,
   ground, gun metal, hazel, helianthin, heliotrope, henna,
   holly green, honey, honey yellow, hue, hyacinth, hyacinth red,
   illuminate, imbue, imperial purple, incarnadine, indigo,
   indigo white, infrared, ingrain, interior paint, iron gray,
   iron red, isamine blue, ivory, ivory black, jade, japan, jockey,
   jonquil, jouvence blue, lacquer, lake, lampblack,
   lapis lazuli blue, lavender, lavender blue, lay figure,
   lay on color, lead gray, leaf green, leather, lemon chrome,
   light red, lilac, liver brown, livid pink, lobster, madder,
   madder blue, madder crimson, madder lake, madder orange,
   madder pink, madder rose, madder yellow, magenta, maize,
   malachite green, mallow, mallow pink, mandarin, maple sugar,
   marigold, marine blue, maroon, massicot, maulstick, mauve,
   meadow brook, medium, melon, metanil yellow, methyl green,
   methyl orange, methyl yellow, methylene azure, methylene blue,
   mignonette, milori green, moleskin, monsignor, moonlight,
   moss green, mouse gray, mulberry, mummy, murrey, myrtle,
   naphthol yellow, navy, navy blue, negro, neutral tint, new blue,
   ocher brown, ocher orange, ocher red, oil yellow, old blue,
   old gold, old ivory, old red, olive, olive brown, olivesheen,
   opal gray, opaque color, orange chrome yellow, orange lead,
   orange madder, orange mineral, orange ocher, orchid, orchid rose,
   oriole, orpiment, orpiment red, otter brown, oxblood, oxide brown,
   paint, paintbrush, palette, palette knife, palladium red, pansy,
   pansy violet, parget, parrot green, partridge, pastel,
   patina green, pea green, peach, peachblossom pink, peacock blue,
   pearl, pearl gray, pebble, pelican, pencil, pepper-and-salt,
   philamot, phosphine, pigments, platinum, plum, plumbago gray,
   pompadour green, ponceau, pontiff purple, poppy, powder blue,
   powder gray, prime, prime coat, primer, priming, primrose,
   primuline yellow, puce, pumpkin, purple lake, purree,
   pyrethrum yellow, quince yellow, raisin, raw sienna, raw umber,
   realgar, realgar orange, red lead, red ocher, red pink,
   regal purple, reseda, resorcin dark brown, roan, roccellin, rose,
   rose pink, royal pink, royal purple, rubine, ruby, ruddle, russet,
   saffron, salmon, sand, sap green, scarlet madder, scratchboard,
   sea blue, sea-water green, seal, serpentine green, shade, shadow,
   shamrock, shell pink, shellac, shocking pink, siccative, silver,
   sketchbook, sketchpad, sky blue, slop on paint, smalt, smear,
   smoke blue, smoke gray, snapdragon, solferino, spatula, spray gun,
   stain, stammel, steel blue, steel gray, stil-de-grain yellow,
   stipple, straw, strawberry, stump, sulfur, sunflower yellow,
   suntan, tangerine, tartrazine, taupe, tawny, tea rose, tempera,
   tenne, terra cotta, terra sienna, terra umbra, terre-verte,
   thinner, tinct, tinction, tincture, tinge, tint, toast,
   toluidine red, tone, topaz, transparent color, trypan blue,
   turpentine, turps, turquoise, ultramarine, umber, undercoat,
   undercoating, varnish, vehicle, verd gay, verdant green, verdet,
   verdigris, vermilionette, violet, viridian, viridine green, wash,
   wash coat, white lead, whitewash, wine, wine purple, woad,
   xanthene, xanthin, yellow madder, yellow ocher, zaffer,
   zinc orange, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc white