The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Pad \Pad\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Padded; p. pr. & vb. n.
   Padding.]
   1. To stuff; to furnish with a pad or padding.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. (Calico Printing) To imbue uniformly with a mordant; as,
      to pad cloth. --Ure.
      [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Padding \Pad"ding\, n.
   1. The act or process of making a pad or of inserting
      stuffing.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. The material with which anything is padded.
      [1913 Webster]

   3. Material of inferior value, serving to extend a book,
      essay, etc. --London Sat. Rev.
      [1913 Webster]

   4. (Calico Printing) The uniform impregnation of cloth with a
      mordant.
      [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

padding
    n 1: artifact consisting of soft or resilient material used to
         fill or give shape or protect or add comfort [syn:
         padding, cushioning]

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

159 Moby Thesaurus words for "padding":
   aegis, all fours, arm guard, backstop, battology, bedizenment,
   bonus, buffer, bulwark, bumper, bush, bushing, contraceptive,
   copyright, crash helmet, crawl, crawling, creep, creeping, cushion,
   cushioning, dashboard, decoration, dodger, doubling, doublure,
   duplication, duplication of effort, easing, embellishment,
   expletive, extra, extra added attraction, extra dash, extravagance,
   face mask, facing, fat, featherbedding, fender, filigree, filler,
   filling, fillip, finger guard, flourish, foot guard, frill, frills,
   frippery, fuse, gasket, gingerbread, gland, goggles, governor,
   guard, guardrail, gumshoeing, hand guard, handrail, hard hat,
   helmet, inlay, inlayer, insole, insulation, interlineation,
   interlock, knee guard, knuckle guard, lagniappe, laminated glass,
   laxation, life preserver, lifeline, lightning conductor,
   lightning rod, liner, lining, luxury, macrology, mask, mellowing,
   mollification, mollifying, mudguard, needlessness, nightwalking,
   nose guard, ornament, ornamentation, overadornment, overlap,
   packing, pad, palladium, patent, payroll padding, pilot, pleonasm,
   premium, preventive, prolixity, prophylactic, protective clothing,
   protective umbrella, prowling, pussyfooting, redundance,
   redundancy, relaxation, safeguard, safety, safety glass,
   safety plug, safety rail, safety shoes, safety switch,
   safety valve, scrabble, scramble, screen, seat belt, shield,
   shin guard, sidling, slinking, snaking, sneaking, softening,
   softening-up, something extra, stammering, stealing, stopping,
   stuffing, stuttering, sun helmet, superaddition, superfluity,
   superfluousness, tampon, tautologism, tautology, tippytoe, tiptoe,
   tiptoeing, trimming, twist, umbrella, unnecessariness, verbosity,
   wadding, wainscot, windscreen, windshield, worming, wrinkle