The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Treasury \Treas"ur*y\, n.; pl. Treasuries. [OE. tresorie, F.
   tr['e]sorerie.]
   1. A place or building in which stores of wealth are
      deposited; especially, a place where public revenues are
      deposited and kept, and where money is disbursed to defray
      the expenses of government; hence, also, the place of
      deposit and disbursement of any collected funds.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. That department of a government which has charge of the
      finances.
      [1913 Webster]

   3. A repository of abundance; a storehouse.
      [1913 Webster]

   4. Hence, a book or work containing much valuable knowledge,
      wisdom, wit, or the like; a thesaurus; as, " Maunder's
      Treasury of Botany."
      [1913 Webster]

   5. A treasure. [Obs.] --Marston.
      [1913 Webster]

   Board of treasury, the board to which is intrusted the
      management of all matters relating to the sovereign's
      civil list or other revenues. [Eng.] --Brande & C.

   Treasury bench, the first row of seats on the right hand of
      the Speaker in the House of Commons; -- so called because
      occupied by the first lord of the treasury and chief
      minister of the crown. [Eng.]

   Treasury lord. See Lord high treasurer of England, under
      Treasurer. [Eng.]

   Treasury note (U. S. Finance), a circulating note or bill
      issued by government authority from the Treasury
      Department, and receivable in payment of dues to the
      government.
      [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

treasury
    n 1: the funds of a government or institution or individual
         [syn: treasury, exchequer]
    2: the government department responsible for collecting and
       managing and spending public revenues
    3: negotiable debt obligations of the United States government
       which guarantees that interest and principal payments will be
       paid on time [syn: Treasury, Treasury obligations]
    4: the British cabinet minister responsible for economic
       strategy [syn: Treasury, First Lord of the Treasury]
    5: the federal department that collects revenue and administers
       federal finances; the Treasury Department was created in 1789
       [syn: Department of the Treasury, Treasury Department,
       Treasury, United States Treasury]
    6: a depository (a room or building) where wealth and precious
       objects can be kept safely

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

180 Moby Thesaurus words for "treasury":
   Fort Knox, Golconda, abundance, account, accumulation, advise,
   amassment, appraise, archives, armory, arsenal, attend, attic,
   available funds, backlog, balance in hand, bank, basement, bay,
   bin, bonded warehouse, bookcase, box, budget, bunker, bursary,
   buttery, cache, care for, cargo dock, cash, cash in hand,
   cash register, cash supply, cashbox, cellar, chest, closet, coffer,
   coin box, collection, collogue, commissariat, commissary, conduct,
   confab, confabulate, conservatory, consider, consult, cornucopia,
   crate, crib, cumulation, cupboard, deal with, deliberate,
   depositary, depository, depot, do with, dock, doctor, drawer, dump,
   eldorado, estimate, evaluate, exchequer, fisc, funds, gallery,
   glory hole, go treat, godown, gold depository, gold mine, handle,
   heap, hoard, hold, huddle, hutch, immediate resources, inventory,
   larder, library, liquid assets, locker, lumber room, lumberyard,
   magasin, magazine, manage, mass, material, materials, materiel,
   mine, money chest, money in hand, moneys, munitions, museum, nurse,
   parley, penny bank, piggy bank, pile, play, plenitude, plenty,
   pork barrel, powwow, provisionment, provisions, public crib,
   public till, public treasury, public trough, rack, rate, rations,
   ready money, reason, regard, repertoire, repertory, repository,
   reservoir, resources, respect, rick, safe, safe-deposit box, serve,
   set up, shelf, shout, stack, stack room, stake, stand, stand treat,
   stock, stock room, stock-in-trade, stockpile, storage, store,
   storehouse, storeroom, stores, strong room, strongbox, study,
   subtreasury, supplies, supply base, supply depot, supply on hand,
   take, tank, the ready, think, till, treasure, treasure house,
   treasure room, treasure trove, treasure-house, treat, use, value,
   vat, vault, warehouse, weigh, wield, wine cellar



Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary:

Treasury
   (Matt. 27:6; Mark 12:41; John 8:20). It does not appear that
   there was a separate building so called. The name was given to
   the thirteen brazen chests, called "trumpets," from the form of
   the opening into which the offerings of the temple worshippers
   were put. These stood in the outer "court of the women." "Nine
   chests were for the appointed money-tribute and for the
   sacrifice-tribute, i.e., money-gifts instead of the sacrifices;
   four chests for freewill-offerings for wood, incense, temple
   decoration, and burnt-offerings" (Lightfoot's Hor. Heb.).


Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856):

TREASURY. The place where treasure is kept the office of a treasurer. The
term is more usually applied to the public than to a private treasury. Vide
Department of the Treasury o the United States.