The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Surge \Surge\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surged; p. pr. & vb. n.
   Surging.] [Cf. F. surgir to cast anchor, to land. Cf.
   Surge, n.] (Naut.)
   To let go or slacken suddenly, as a rope; as, to surge a
   hawser or messenger; also, to slacken the rope about (a
   capstan).
   [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Surge \Surge\, n. [L. surgere, surrectum, to raise, to rise; sub
   under + regere to direct: cf. OF. surgeon, sourgeon,
   fountain. See Regent, and cf. Insurrection, Sortie,
   Source.]
   1. A spring; a fountain. [Obs.] "Divers surges and springs of
      water." --Ld. Berners.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. A large wave or billow; a great, rolling swell of water,
      produced generally by a high wind.
      [1913 Webster]

            He that doubteth is like the surge of the sea driven
            by the wind and tossed.               --James i. 6
                                                  (Rev. Ver.)
      [1913 Webster]

            He flies aloft, and, with impetuous roar,
            Pursues the foaming surges to the shore. --Dryden.
      [1913 Webster]

   3. The motion of, or produced by, a great wave.
      [1913 Webster]

   4. The tapered part of a windlass barrel or a capstan, upon
      which the cable surges, or slips.
      [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Surge \Surge\, v. i.
   1. To swell; to rise hifg and roll.
      [1913 Webster]

            The surging waters like a mountain rise. --Spenser.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. (Naut.) To slip along a windlass.
      [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

surge
    n 1: a sudden forceful flow [syn: rush, spate, surge,
         upsurge]
    2: a sudden or abrupt strong increase; "stimulated a surge of
       speculation"; "an upsurge of emotion"; "an upsurge in violent
       crime" [syn: surge, upsurge]
    3: a large sea wave [syn: billow, surge]
    v 1: rise and move, as in waves or billows; "The army surged
         forward" [syn: billow, surge, heave]
    2: rise rapidly; "the dollar soared against the yen" [syn:
       soar, soar up, soar upwards, surge, zoom]
    3: rise or move forward; "surging waves" [syn: tide, surge]
       [ant: ebb, ebb away, ebb down, ebb off, ebb out]
    4: rise or heave upward under the influence of a natural force
       such as a wave; "the boats surged" [syn: scend, surge]
    5: see one's performance improve; "He levelled the score and
       then surged ahead"

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

330 Moby Thesaurus words for "surge":
   Charybdis, access, accession, accretion, accrual, accruement,
   accumulation, addition, advance, affluence, afflux, affluxion,
   aggrandizement, amplification, anabasis, appreciation, arise,
   ascend, ascension, ascent, assemble, augmentation, awake the dead,
   ballooning, be poised, billow, blast, blast the ear, bloating,
   blow out, boom, boost, bore, break, breaker, breakers, broadening,
   buildup, bulge, bunch, bunch up, centrifugate, centrifuge, chop,
   choppiness, chopping sea, clamber, climb, climbing, clot, cluster,
   collect, comb, comber, come together, come up, concourse,
   confluence, conflux, congregate, converge, copulate, couple,
   course, crash, crescendo, crosscurrent, crowd, curl upwards,
   current, dash, date, deafen, defluxion, development, din,
   dirty water, dizzy round, downflow, downpour, drain, drain out,
   drift, driftage, eagre, ebb, ebb and flow, eddy, edema, elevation,
   empty, enlargement, escalade, exhaust, expansion, extension,
   fill the air, find vent, flock together, flood, flow, flow back,
   flow in, flow out, flow together, flowing, fluency, flush, flux,
   forgather, fountain, fullness, fuse, gain, gang around, gang up,
   gather, gather around, go up, gravity wave, greatening,
   ground swell, grow up, growth, gurge, gush, gush out, gyre,
   gyring up, heave, heavy sea, heavy swell, herd together, hike,
   hive, horde, huddle, increase, increment, inflation, inflow,
   intensity, issue, jet, jump, league, leap, levitate, levitation,
   lift, link, loom, lop, loudishness, loudness, maelstrom, make,
   mass, meet, merge, mill, mill run, millrace, mount, mounting,
   multiplication, muster, onrush, onward course, outflow, outpour,
   peak, peal, pirouette, play, popple, pour, pour out,
   productiveness, proliferation, pulsate, race, raise, rally,
   rally around, rat race, rattle the windows, rear, rear up, reel,
   regurgitate, rend the air, rend the ears, rendezvous, resound,
   riffle, ring, ripple, rise, rise and fall, rise up, rising,
   rock the sky, rocketing up, roll, roller, rough water, round, run,
   run out, rush, saltation, scend, sea, seethe, send, set,
   shooting up, sluice, sluice out, smash, snowballing, soaring,
   sonority, sonorousness, spate, spew, spew out, spin, spiral, spire,
   spit, split the eardrums, split the ears, spout, spout out, spray,
   spread, spring, spritz, spurt, spurtle, squirt, stand up,
   startle the echoes, stream, stun, surf, surge back, surge of sound,
   swarm, swarm up, sweep up, swell, swelling, swirl, takeoff,
   taking off, throng, thunder, tidal bore, tidal wave, tide,
   tide wave, toss, tower, trend, trough, tsunami, tumescence, turn,
   twirl, undercurrent, undertow, undulate, undulation, unite, up,
   upclimb, upcoming, updraft, upgang, upgo, upgoing, upgrade, upgrow,
   upgrowth, upheave, uphill, upleap, uplift, upping, uprisal, uprise,
   uprising, uprush, upshoot, upslope, upspin, upstream, upsurge,
   upsurgence, upswarm, upsweep, upswing, uptrend, upturn, upwind,
   vault, volume, vomit, vomit forth, vomit out, vortex, water flow,
   water wave, wave, wavelet, waxing, well, well out, wheel, whirl,
   whirligig, whirlpool, whirlwind, white horses, whitecaps, widening,
   zooming



The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (30 December 2018):

SURGE

   Sorter, Updater, Report Generator, Etc.  IBM 704, 1959.
   Sammet 1969, p.8.