The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Resident \Res"i*dent\ (-dent), a. [F. r['e]sident, L. residens,
   -entis, p. pr. of residere. See Reside.]
   1. Dwelling, or having an abode, in a place for a continued
      length of time; residing on one's own estate; -- opposed
      to nonresident; as, resident in the city or in the
      country.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. Fixed; stable; certain. [Obs.] "Stable and resident like a
      rock." --Jer. TAylor.
      [1913 Webster]

            One there still resident as day and night.
                                                  --Davenant.
      [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Resident \Res"i*dent\, n.
   1. One who resides or dwells in a place for some time.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. A diplomatic representative who resides at a foreign
      court; -- a term usualy applied to ministers of a rank
      inferior to that of ambassadors. See the Note under
      Minister, 4.
      [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

resident
    adj 1: living in a particular place; "resident aliens" [ant:
           nonresident]
    2: used of animals that do not migrate [syn: nonmigratory,
       resident] [ant: migratory]
    n 1: someone who lives at a particular place for a prolonged
         period or who was born there [syn: resident, occupant,
         occupier] [ant: nonresident]
    2: a physician (especially an intern) who lives in a hospital
       and cares for hospitalized patients under the supervision of
       the medical staff of the hospital; "the resident was
       receiving special clinical training at the hospital" [syn:
       house physician, resident, resident physician]

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

129 Moby Thesaurus words for "resident":
   Doctor of Medicine, GP, MD, abiding, addressee, allopath,
   allopathist, ambassador, ambassadress, apostolic delegate,
   artist-in-residence, attache, attending physician, benefice-holder,
   beneficiary, career diplomat, chancellor, charge, citizen,
   commercial attache, commorant, consul, consul general,
   consular agent, coroner, country doctor, croaker, deep-seated,
   denizen, diplomat, diplomatic, diplomatic agent, diplomatist,
   district, doc, doctor, dweller, dwelling, emissary, envoy,
   envoy extraordinary, esoteric, family doctor,
   foreign service officer, general practitioner, habitant, hirer,
   homesteader, house detective, house physician, householder,
   immanent, implanted, implicit, in residence, inalienable,
   incumbent, indwelling, infixed, ingrained, inhabitant, inhabiter,
   inherent, inmate, inner, inpatient, intern, internal, internuncio,
   intrinsic, inward, inwrought, irreducible, leaseholder, leech,
   legate, lessee, live-in maid, liver, living, living in, local,
   locum tenens, lodger, lodging, medical attendant, medical examiner,
   medical man, medical practitioner, medico, military attache,
   minister, minister plenipotentiary, minister resident, nuncio,
   occupant, occupier, paying guest, physician, physician in ordinary,
   plenipotentiary, private, regional, remaining, renter, residencer,
   resident physician, residentiary, resider, residing, roomer,
   sawbones, secret, secretary of legation, sojourner, squatter,
   staying, subjective, sublessee, subtenant, tenant,
   tenant at sufferance, tenant for life, unalienable,
   unchallengeable, underlessee, unquestionable, vice-consul,
   vice-legate



Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856):

RESIDENT, international law. A minister, according to diplomatic language,
of a third order, less in dignity than an ambassador, or an envoy. This term
formerly related only to the continuance of the minister's stay, but now it
is confined to ministers of this class.
     2. The resident does not represent the prince's person in his dignity,
but only his affairs. His representation is in reality of the same nature as
that of the envoy; hence he is often termed, as well as the envoy, a
minister of the second order, thus distinguishing only two classes of public
ministers, the former consisting of ambassadors who are invested with the
representative character in preeminence, the latter comprising all other
ministers, who do not possess that exalted character. This is the most
necessary distinction, and indeed the only essential one. Vattel liv. 4, c.
6, 73.



Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856):

RESIDENT, persons. A person coming into a place with intention to establish
his domicil or permanent residence, and who in consequence actually remains
there. Time is not so essential as the intent, executed by making or
beginning an actual establishment, though it be abandoned in a longer, or
shorter period. See 6 Hall's Law Journ. 68; 3 Hagg. Eccl. R. 373; 20 John.
211 2 Pet. Ad. R. 450; 2 Scamm. R. 377.



The Devil's Dictionary (1881-1906):

RESIDENT, adj.  Unable to leave.