The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Nonconformity \Non*con*form"i*ty\, n.
   Neglect or failure of conformity; especially, in England, the
   neglect or refusal to unite with the established church in
   its rites and modes of worship.
   [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

nonconformity
    n 1: lack of harmony or correspondence
    2: a lack of orthodoxy in thoughts or beliefs [syn:
       nonconformity, nonconformism, nonconformance] [ant:
       conformism, conformity]
    3: unorthodoxy as a consequence of not conforming to expected
       standards or values
    4: failure to conform to accepted standards of behavior [syn:
       nonconformity, nonconformance] [ant: abidance,
       compliance, conformation, conformity]

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

274 Moby Thesaurus words for "nonconformity":
   aberration, abnormality, agreement to disagree, alienage,
   alienation, alienism, ambiguity, ambivalence, anomaly, antagonism,
   antinomy, antipathy, apostasy, asymmetry, backlash, capriciousness,
   changeability, changeableness, choppiness, circuitousness,
   civil disobedience, clashing, collision, conceit, conflict,
   confutation, contradiction, contraposition, contrariety, contrast,
   counter-culture, counteraction, counterposition, counterworking,
   crackpotism, crank, crankiness, crankism, crosswiseness, crotchet,
   crotchetiness, dappleness, declination, default, deflection,
   deflexure, delinquency, departure, dereliction, deviance, deviancy,
   deviation, deviousness, diagonality, difference, differentiation,
   differentness, digression, disaccord, disaccordance, disagreement,
   disapprobation, disapproval, disconformity, discongruity,
   discordance, discrepancy, discreteness, disobedience, disorder,
   disparity, disproportion, disproportionateness, disregard,
   dissatisfaction, dissension, dissent, dissentience, dissidence,
   dissimilarity, dissonance, distinction, distinctiveness,
   distinctness, divagation, divarication, divergence, divergency,
   diversification, diversity, dottiness, dropping out, eccentricity,
   egohood, equivocality, erraticism, erraticness, excursion,
   exteriority, extraneousness, extrinsicality, failure, far cry,
   freakishness, friction, frowardness, heresy, heterodoxy,
   heterogeneity, human factor, identity, idiocrasy, idiosyncrasy,
   inaccordance, inattention, incoherence, incommensurability,
   incompatibility, incongruity, inconsistency, inconsonance,
   inconstancy, indirection, indirectness, indiscipline,
   individualism, individuality, indocility, inequality, infraction,
   infringement, inharmoniousness, inharmony, inobservance,
   instability, insubordination, integrity, interference,
   intractability, intrusion, irreconcilability, irregularity,
   jerkiness, kick, kink, lawbreaking, lawlessness, laxity, maggot,
   mannerism, mercuriality, minority opinion, misbelief, mixture,
   motleyness, mutability, naughtiness, neglect, negligence,
   nominalism, nonadherence, nonagreement, nonassent, nonassimilation,
   noncompliance, nonconcurrence, nonconformability, nonconformance,
   nonconformism, nonconsent, noncooperation, nonfeasance,
   nonfulfillment, nonobedience, nonobservance, nonperformance,
   nonstandardization, nonuniformity, obliqueness, obliquity, oddity,
   odds, omission, oneness, opposition, opposure, oppugnance,
   oppugnancy, otherness, oversight, oxymoron, paradox, particularism,
   particularity, passive resistance, peculiarity, personal equation,
   personal identity, personality, personship, pluralism, queerness,
   quip, quirk, quirkiness, raggedness, reaction, recalcitrance,
   recoil, recusance, recusancy, rejection, renitency, repercussion,
   repudiation, repugnance, resistance, revolt, schism, secession,
   self-contradiction, self-identity, selfhood, selfness,
   separateness, singularity, skewness, slight, soul, squint,
   strangeness, swimming upstream, transgression, transverseness,
   trick, twist, un-Scripturality, unauthenticity,
   unauthoritativeness, uncanonicalness, unconformability,
   unconformism, unconformity, unconventionality, uncooperativeness,
   underground, unduteousness, undutifulness, unevenness, uniqueness,
   unlikeness, unnaturalness, unobservance, unorthodoxness,
   unorthodoxy, unsoundness, unsteadiness, unsubmissiveness, vagary,
   variability, variance, variation, variegation, variety,
   variousness, versatility, violation, wavering, waywardness, whim,
   whimsicality, whimsy, willful disobedience, withdrawal