The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Kerosene \Ker"o*sene`\, n. [Gr. ? wax.]
   An oil used for illuminating purposes, formerly obtained from
   the distillation of mineral wax, bituminous shale, etc., and
   hence called also coal oil. It is now produced in immense
   quantities, chiefly by the distillation and purification of
   petroleum. It consists chiefly of several hydrocarbons of the
   methane series, having from 10 to 16 carbon atoms in each
   molecule, and having a higher boiling point (175 - 325[deg]
   C) than gasoline or the petroleum ethers, and a lower boling
   point than the oils.
   [1913 Webster +PJC] Kers

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

kerosene
    n 1: a flammable hydrocarbon oil used as fuel in lamps and
         heaters [syn: kerosene, kerosine, lamp oil, coal
         oil]

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

63 Moby Thesaurus words for "kerosene":
   alcohol, avgas, benzine, briquette, burnable, butane, carbon,
   charcoal, coal, coal oil, coke, combustible, crude, crude oil,
   dope, electricity, ethane, ethanol, ethyl, ethyl gas, fireball,
   firing, flammable, flammable material, fossil oil, fuel,
   fuel additive, fuel dope, gas, gas carbon, gasoline, heptane,
   hexane, high-octane gas, high-test, illuminant, illuminating gas,
   inflammable, inflammable material, isooctane, jet fuel,
   lead-free gas, light source, low-lead gas, luminant, methane,
   methanol, motor oil, natural gas, octane, oil, paraffin, peat,
   pentane, petrol, petroleum, premium gas, propane, propellant,
   regular, rock oil, rocket fuel, turf