The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Inflammation \In*flam*ma"tion\ ([i^]n*fl[a^]m*m[=a]"sh[u^]n), n.
   [L. inflammatio: cf. F. inflammation. See Inflame.]
   1. The act of inflaming, kindling, or setting on fire; also,
      the state of being inflamed. "The inflammation of fat."
      --Wilkins.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. (Med.) A morbid condition of any part of the body,
      consisting in congestion of the blood vessels, with
      obstruction of the blood current, and growth of morbid
      tissue. It is manifested outwardly by redness and
      swelling, attended with tenderness, heat and pain. It may
      be caused by exposure to any number of injurious agents.
      [1913 Webster +PJC]

   3. Violent excitement; heat; passion; animosity; turbulence;
      as, an inflammation of the mind, of the body politic, or
      of parties. --Hooker.
      [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

inflammation
    n 1: a response of body tissues to injury or irritation;
         characterized by pain and swelling and redness and heat
         [syn: inflammation, redness, rubor]
    2: the state of being emotionally aroused and worked up; "his
       face was flushed with excitement and his hands trembled"; "he
       tried to calm those who were in a state of extreme
       inflammation" [syn: excitement, excitation,
       inflammation, fervor, fervour]
    3: arousal to violent emotion [syn: inflammation, inflaming]
    4: the act of setting something on fire [syn: ignition,
       firing, lighting, kindling, inflammation]

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

250 Moby Thesaurus words for "inflammation":
   abscess, adenoiditis, adrenitis, aggravation, agitation, ague,
   algesia, anemia, animation, ankylosis, anoxia, apnea, appendicitis,
   arousal, arousing, arteritis, arthritis deformans,
   arthritis fungosa, arthritis pauperum, asphyxiation, asthma,
   ataxia, atrophic arthritis, atrophic inflammation, atrophy,
   backache, bleeding, blennorhea, blennorrhagic arthritis,
   brain fever, bronchitis, bunion, bursitis, cachexia, cachexy,
   capillaritis, carditis, catarrh, catarrhal inflammation,
   cerebellitis, cerebral meningitis, cerebritis,
   cerebrospinal meningitis, chill, chills,
   chronic infectious arthritis, chronic inflammation,
   cirrhotic inflammation, climactic arthritis, clitoritis, colic,
   colitis, collagen disease, conjunctivitis, constipation,
   convulsion, coughing, cyanosis, cystitis, degenerative arthritis,
   diarrhea, diffuse inflammation, dizziness, dropsy, dysentery,
   dyspepsia, dyspnea, edema, electrification, emaciation,
   encephalitis, endocarditis, enteritis, equine encephalomyelitis,
   exacerbation, exasperation, excitation, excitement, exhilaration,
   exudative inflammation, fainting, fatigue, festering, fever,
   fibrillation, fibroid inflammation, firing, flammation, flux,
   focal inflammation, fomentation, galvanization, gastritis,
   gingivitis, glossitis, gonococcal arthritis, gonorrheal arthritis,
   gonorrheal rheumatism, gout, gouty arthritis, growth,
   hemophilic arthritis, hemorrhage, hepatitis, high blood pressure,
   hydrops, hyperplastic inflammation, hypertension,
   hypertrophic arthritis, hypertrophic inflammation, hypotension,
   icterus, ignition, incitation, incitement, indigestion, infection,
   infectional arthritis, infectious hepatitis, infuriation, insomnia,
   instigation, irritable bowel syndrome, irritation, itching,
   jaundice, kindling, labored breathing, laryngitis, lathering up,
   lighting, lighting up, low blood pressure, lumbago,
   lumbar rheumatism, marasmus, mastoiditis, meningitis,
   menopausal arthritis, metastatic inflammation, metritis, milk leg,
   mucous colitis, mumps meningitis, myelitis, nasal discharge,
   nausea, necrosis, necrotic inflammation, nephritis, neuritis,
   obliterative inflammation, ophthalitis, ophthalmia, orchitis,
   osseous rheumatism, osteitis, osteoarthritis, osteomyelitis,
   otitis, ovaritis, pain, paradental pyorrhea, paralysis, penitis,
   pep rally, pep talk, pericarditis, periodontitis, peritonitis,
   perturbation, pharyngitis, phlebitis, podagra,
   proliferative arthritis, prostatitis, provocation, pruritus,
   pyonephritis, pyorrhea, pyorrhea alveolaris, rabble-rousing,
   rankling, rash, reactive inflammation, redness, rheum, rheumatism,
   rheumatiz, rheumatoid arthritis, rhinitis, sclerosing inflammation,
   sclerosis, seizure, sensitiveness, seroplastic inflammation,
   serous inflammation, serum hepatitis, shock, simple inflammation,
   sinusitis, skin eruption, sneezing, sore, sore spot, soreness,
   spasm, spastic colon, specific inflammation, steaming up,
   stimulation, stimulus, stirring, stirring up, stirring-up,
   subacute rheumatism, suppurative arthritis,
   suppurative inflammation, swelling, syphilitic arthritis, tabes,
   tachycardia, tenderness, tennis elbow, testitis, thrombophlebitis,
   tonsilitis, torticollis, toxic inflammation,
   traumatic inflammation, tuberculous arthritis,
   tuberculous rheumatism, tumor, ulcerative colitis, upset stomach,
   uratic arthritis, ureteritis, urethral arthritis, urethritis,
   uteritis, vaginitis, vertebral arthritis, vertigo,
   visceral rheumatism, vomiting, vulvitis, wasting, whipping up,
   working up, wryneck