The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Extraction \Ex*trac"tion\, n. [Cf. F. extraction.]
   1. The act of extracting, or drawing out; as, the extraction
      of a tooth, of a bone or an arrow from the body, of a
      stump from earth, of a passage from a book, of an essence
      or tincture.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. Derivation from a stock or family; lineage; descent;
      birth; the stock from which one has descended. "A family
      of ancient extraction." --Clarendon.
      [1913 Webster]

   3. That which is extracted; extract; essence.
      [1913 Webster]

            They [books] do preserve as in a vial the purest
            efficacy and extraction of that living intellect
            that bred them.                       --Milton.
      [1913 Webster]

   The extraction of roots. (Math.)
      (a) The operation of finding the root of a given number or
          quantity.
      (b) The method or rule by which the operation is
          performed; evolution.
          [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

extraction
    n 1: the process of obtaining something from a mixture or
         compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means
    2: properties attributable to your ancestry; "he comes from good
       origins" [syn: origin, descent, extraction]
    3: the action of taking out something (especially using effort
       or force); "the dentist gave her a local anesthetic prior to
       the extraction"

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

163 Moby Thesaurus words for "extraction":
   affiliation, ancestry, apparentation, architecture, assembly,
   attraction, attrition, birth, blood, bloodline, bolting, branch,
   breed, building, casting, clarification, colature, common ancestry,
   composition, concentrate, concentration, consanguinity,
   construction, conversion, crafting, craftsmanship, creation,
   cultivation, curtailment, cut, cutting, decoction, decrease,
   decrement, depletion, depreciation, deracination, derivation,
   derogation, descent, destructive distillation, detraction,
   devising, diminution, dip, direct line, disparagement,
   distaff side, distillate, distillation, draft, drawing, drayage,
   edulcoration, elaboration, elixir, elution, elutriation,
   eradication, erection, essence, essentialization, excerpt,
   excerption, extirpation, extract, extrication, fabrication, family,
   fashioning, female line, filiation, filtering, filtration,
   formation, forming, formulation, framing, growing, handicraft,
   handiwork, harvesting, haulage, hauling, heaving, house,
   impairment, infusion, leaching, lessening, line, line of descent,
   lineage, lixiviation, machining, making, male line, manufacture,
   manufacturing, milling, mining, molding, origin, parentage,
   passage, pedigree, percolation, phylum, prefabrication,
   preparation, processing, producing, pull, pulling, pulling power,
   purification, quintessence, race, raising, reduction, refinement,
   refining, remission, removal, retraction, retrenchment, riddling,
   screening, seed, selected passage, selection, separation, sept,
   shaping, shortening, shrinkage, side, sieving, sifting, smelting,
   spear side, spindle side, spirit, spiritualization, stem, stirps,
   stock, strain, straining, sublimation, succession, sword side,
   towage, towing, traction, tractive power, truncation, tug-of-war,
   tugging, uprooting, winnowing, withdrawal, workmanship