The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Extract \Ex"tract`\, n.
   1. That which is extracted or drawn out.
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   2. A portion of a book or document, separately transcribed; a
      citation; a quotation.
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   3. A decoction, solution, or infusion made by dissolving out
      from any substance that which gives it its essential and
      characteristic virtue; essence; as, extract of beef;
      extract of dandelion; also, any substance so extracted,
      and characteristic of that from which it is obtained; as,
      quinine is the most important extract of Peruvian bark.
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   4. (Med.) A solid preparation obtained by evaporating a
      solution of a drug, etc., or the fresh juice of a plant;
      -- distinguished from an abstract. See Abstract, n., 4.
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   5. (Old Chem.) A peculiar principle once erroneously supposed
      to form the basis of all vegetable extracts; -- called
      also the extractive principle. [Obs.]
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   6. Extraction; descent. [Obs.] --South.
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   7. (Scots Law) A draught or copy of writing; certified copy
      of the proceedings in an action and the judgement therein,
      with an order for execution. --Tomlins.
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   Fluid extract (Med.), a concentrated liquid preparation,
      containing a definite proportion of the active principles
      of a medicinal substance. At present a fluid gram of
      extract should represent a gram of the crude drug.
      Extractable

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Extract \Ex*tract"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Extracted; p. pr. &
   vb. n. Extracting.] [L. extractus, p. p. of extrahere to
   extract; ex out + trahere to draw. See Trace, and cf.
   Estreat.]
   1. To draw out or forth; to pull out; to remove forcibly from
      a fixed position, as by traction or suction, etc.; as, to
      extract a tooth from its socket, a stump from the earth, a
      splinter from the finger.
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            The bee
            Sits on the bloom extracting liquid sweet. --Milton.
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   2. To withdraw by expression, distillation, or other
      mechanical or chemical process; as, to extract an essence.
      Cf. Abstract, v. t., 6.
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            Sunbeams may be extracted from cucumbers, but the
            process is tedious.
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   3. To take by selection; to choose out; to cite or quote, as
      a passage from a book.
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            I have extracted out of that pamphlet a few
            notorious falsehoods.                 --Swift.
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   To extract the root (Math.), to ascertain the root of a
      number or quantity.
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WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

extract
    n 1: a solution obtained by steeping or soaking a substance
         (usually in water) [syn: infusion, extract]
    2: a passage selected from a larger work; "he presented excerpts
       from William James' philosophical writings" [syn: excerpt,
       excerption, extract, selection]
    v 1: remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an
         abstract sense; "pull weeds"; "extract a bad tooth"; "take
         out a splinter"; "extract information from the telegram"
         [syn: extract, pull out, pull, pull up, take out,
         draw out]
    2: get despite difficulties or obstacles; "I extracted a promise
       from the Dean for two new positions"
    3: deduce (a principle) or construe (a meaning); "We drew out
       some interesting linguistic data from the native informant"
       [syn: educe, evoke, elicit, extract, draw out]
    4: extract by the process of distillation; "distill the essence
       of this compound" [syn: distill, extract, distil]
    5: separate (a metal) from an ore
    6: obtain from a substance, as by mechanical action; "Italians
       express coffee rather than filter it" [syn: press out,
       express, extract]
    7: take out of a literary work in order to cite or copy [syn:
       excerpt, extract, take out]
    8: calculate the root of a number

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

256 Moby Thesaurus words for "extract":
   abate, abrade, abridge, abstract, ambergris, ambrosia, aromatic,
   aromatic gum, aromatic water, artifact, attar, attar of roses,
   avulse, balm, balm of Gilead, balsam, bate, bay oil, bergamot oil,
   bolt, brainchild, carve, champaca oil, child, chisel, choose,
   choose out, citation, cite, civet, clarify, clear, clipping,
   coinage, collect, composition, concentrate, concentration,
   conclude, concoction, condense, convert, copy, creation, creature,
   crowning achievement, cull, cultivate, curtail, cut out, cutting,
   decide between, decoction, decrassify, decrease, deduce, deduct,
   deliver, depreciate, depurate, deracinate, derive, derogate,
   detract, develop, dig out, dig up, diminish, disentangle,
   disparage, distill, distillate, distillation, drain, draw,
   draw a conclusion, draw an inference, draw forth, draw out, dredge,
   dredge up, eat away, edulcorate, effect, eke out, elicit, elixir,
   elute, end product, eradicate, erode, essence, essential oil,
   essentialize, evince, evoke, evolve, evulse, excavate, excerpt,
   excerption, excise, exsect, extort, extraction, extricate, fetch,
   file away, filter, filtrate, find, fixative, force out, free,
   fruit, garner, gather, get, get out, glean, gouge out, grow,
   grub up, handiwork, handpick, harvest, heliotrope, impair, induce,
   infer, infusion, invention, issue, jasmine oil, lavender oil,
   leach, lessen, liberate, lixiviate, machine, make a selection,
   manufacture, masterpiece, masterwork, milk, mill, mine, mintage,
   musk, myrcia oil, myrrh, new mintage, obtain, offspring, opera,
   opus, opuscule, origination, outcome, outgrowth, parfum, passage,
   percolate, perfume, perfumery, pick, pick out, pick up, pluck out,
   pluck up, process, product, production, pry, pull, pull out,
   pull up, pump, purification, purify, quarry, quintessence,
   quotation, quote, raise, rake out, ransom, rear, reason,
   reason that, recover, rectify, redeem, reduce, refine, refinement,
   release, remove, rescue, result, retrench, retrieve, rip out,
   root out, root up, rose oil, rub away, salvage, save, scent,
   scratch, screen, select, selected passage, selection, separate,
   set free, shorten, sieve, sift, single out, smelt, spirit,
   spiritualize, squeeze, strain, subduct, sublimate, sublime,
   subtract, take as proved, take away, take from, take out, tear,
   tear out, thin, thin out, try, unearth, unravel, uproot,
   volatile oil, wear away, weed, weed out, winkle out, winnow,
   withdraw, work, worm out, wrench, wrest, wrest out, wring, yank



Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856):

EXTRACT. A part of a writing. In general this is not evidence, because the
whole of the writing may explain the part extracted, so as to give it a
different sense; but sometimes extracts from public books are evidence, as
the extracts from the registers of births, marriages and burials, kept
according to law, when the whole of the matter has been extracted which
relates to the cause or matter in issue.