The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Cultivation \Cul`ti*va"tion\ (k?l`t?-v?"sh?n), n. [Cf. F.
   cultivation.]
   1. The art or act of cultivating; improvement for
      agricultural purposes or by agricultural processes;
      tillage; production by tillage.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. Bestowal of time or attention for self-improvement or for
      the benefit of others; fostering care.
      [1913 Webster]

   3. The state of being cultivated; advancement in physical,
      intellectual, or moral condition; refinement; culture.
      [1913 Webster]

            Italy . . . was but imperfectly reduced to
            cultivation before the irruption of the barbarians.
                                                  --Hallam.
      [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

cultivation
    n 1: socialization through training and education to develop
         one's mind or manners; "her cultivation was remarkable"
    2: (agriculture) production of food by preparing the land to
       grow crops (especially on a large scale)
    3: a highly developed state of perfection; having a flawless or
       impeccable quality; "they performed with great polish"; "I
       admired the exquisite refinement of his prose"; "almost an
       inspiration which gives to all work that finish which is
       almost art"--Joseph Conrad [syn: polish, refinement,
       culture, cultivation, finish]
    4: the process of fostering the growth of something; "the
       cultivation of bees for honey"
    5: the act of raising or growing plants (especially on a large
       scale)

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

155 Moby Thesaurus words for "cultivation":
   acculturation, acquired taste, agrarianism, agricultural geology,
   agriculture, agrology, agronomics, agronomy,
   appreciation of excellence, apprenticeship, architecture, assembly,
   basic training, breaking, breeding, building, casting, choiceness,
   civility, civilization, civilized taste, civilizedness,
   composition, conditioning, construction, contour farming,
   contour plowing, conversion, crafting, craftsmanship, creation,
   cultivated taste, cultivating, culture, daintiness, delicacy,
   development, devising, dirt farming, discipline, discrimination,
   dressing, drill, drilling, dry farming, dryland farming, education,
   elaboration, elegance, enculturation, enlightenment, erection,
   excellence, exercise, extraction, fabrication, fallowing,
   farm economy, farming, fashioning, fastidiousness, fetching-up,
   finesse, formation, forming, formulation, fostering, framing,
   fruit farming, furrowing, genteelness, gentility,
   gentlemanlikeness, gentlemanliness, gentleness, geoponics,
   good breeding, good taste, grace, gracefulness, gracility,
   graciosity, graciousness, grain farming, grooming, growing,
   handicraft, handiwork, harrowing, harvesting, hoeing,
   housebreaking, husbandry, hydroponics, improvement,
   in-service training, intensive farming, ladylikeness, listing,
   machining, making, manual training, manufacture, manufacturing,
   military training, milling, mining, mixed farming, molding,
   niceness, nicety, nurture, nurturing, on-the-job training, plowing,
   polish, practice, prefabrication, preparation, processing,
   producing, pruning, quality, raising, readying, rearing,
   refinement, refining, rehearsal, rural economy, shaping,
   sharecropping, sloyd, smelting, socialization, sophistication,
   strip farming, subsistence farming, subtlety, tank farming, taste,
   tastefulness, thinning, thremmatology, tillage, tilling, tilth,
   training, truck farming, upbringing, vocational education,
   vocational training, weeding, working, workmanship