The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Blindness \Blind"ness\, n.
   State or condition of being blind, literally or figuratively.
   --Darwin.
   [1913 Webster]

   Color blindness, inability to distinguish certain color.
      See Daltonism.
      [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Color \Col"or\ (k[u^]l"[~e]r), n. [Written also colour.] [OF.
   color, colur, colour, F. couleur, L. color; prob. akin to
   celare to conceal (the color taken as that which covers). See
   Helmet.]
   1. A property depending on the relations of light to the eye,
      by which individual and specific differences in the hues
      and tints of objects are apprehended in vision; as, gay
      colors; sad colors, etc.
      [1913 Webster]

   Note: The sensation of color depends upon a peculiar function
         of the retina or optic nerve, in consequence of which
         rays of light produce different effects according to
         the length of their waves or undulations, waves of a
         certain length producing the sensation of red, shorter
         waves green, and those still shorter blue, etc. White,
         or ordinary, light consists of waves of various lengths
         so blended as to produce no effect of color, and the
         color of objects depends upon their power to absorb or
         reflect a greater or less proportion of the rays which
         fall upon them.
         [1913 Webster]

   2. Any hue distinguished from white or black.
      [1913 Webster]

   3. The hue or color characteristic of good health and
      spirits; ruddy complexion.
      [1913 Webster]

            Give color to my pale cheek.          --Shak.
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   4. That which is used to give color; a paint; a pigment; as,
      oil colors or water colors.
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   5. That which covers or hides the real character of anything;
      semblance; excuse; disguise; appearance.
      [1913 Webster]

            They had let down the boat into the sea, under color
            as though they would have cast anchors out of the
            foreship.                             --Acts xxvii.
                                                  30.
      [1913 Webster]

            That he should die is worthy policy;
            But yet we want a color for his death. --Shak.
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   6. Shade or variety of character; kind; species.
      [1913 Webster]

            Boys and women are for the most part cattle of this
            color.                                --Shak.
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   7. A distinguishing badge, as a flag or similar symbol
      (usually in the plural); as, the colors or color of a ship
      or regiment; the colors of a race horse (that is, of the
      cap and jacket worn by the jockey).
      [1913 Webster]

            In the United States each regiment of infantry and
            artillery has two colors, one national and one
            regimental.                           --Farrow.
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   8. (Law) An apparent right; as where the defendant in
      trespass gave to the plaintiff an appearance of title, by
      stating his title specially, thus removing the cause from
      the jury to the court. --Blackstone.
      [1913 Webster]

   Note: Color is express when it is averred in the pleading,
         and implied when it is implied in the pleading.
         [1913 Webster]

   Body color. See under Body.

   Color blindness, total or partial inability to distinguish
      or recognize colors. See Daltonism.

   Complementary color, one of two colors so related to each
      other that when blended together they produce white light;
      -- so called because each color makes up to the other what
      it lacks to make it white. Artificial or pigment colors,
      when mixed, produce effects differing from those of the
      primary colors, in consequence of partial absorption.

   Of color (as persons, races, etc.), not of the white race;
      -- commonly meaning, esp. in the United States, of negro
      blood, pure or mixed.

   Primary colors, those developed from the solar beam by the
      prism, viz., red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and
      violet, which are reduced by some authors to three, --
      red, green, and violet-blue. These three are sometimes
      called fundamental colors.

   Subjective color or Accidental color, a false or spurious
      color seen in some instances, owing to the persistence of
      the luminous impression upon the retina, and a gradual
      change of its character, as where a wheel perfectly white,
      and with a circumference regularly subdivided, is made to
      revolve rapidly over a dark object, the teeth of the wheel
      appear to the eye of different shades of color varying
      with the rapidity of rotation. See Accidental colors,
      under Accidental.
      [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

color blindness
    n 1: genetic inability to distinguish differences in hue [syn:
         color blindness, colour blindness, color vision
         deficiency, colour vision deficiency]

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

29 Moby Thesaurus words for "color blindness":
   Christmas disease, Daltonism, Hartnup disease,
   Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, achromatic vision, achromatopsia,
   albinism, cystic fibrosis, deuteranopia, dichromatic vision,
   dichromatism, dysautonomia, green blindness, hemophilia,
   ichthyosis, mongolianism, mongolism, monochromatism,
   mucoviscidosis, muscular dystrophy, pancreatic fibrosis,
   protanopia, red-green blindness, sickle-cell anemia, thalassemia,
   tritanopia, violet-blindness, xanthocyanopia, yellow blindness