The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Chafe \Chafe\, v. i.
   To rub; to come together so as to wear by rubbing; to wear by
   friction.
   [1913 Webster]

         Made its great boughs chafe together.    --Longfellow.
   [1913 Webster]

         The troubled Tiber chafing with her shores. --Shak.
   [1913 Webster]

   2. To be worn by rubbing; as, a cable chafes.
      [1913 Webster]

   3. To have a feeling of vexation; to be vexed; to fret; to be
      irritated. --Spenser.
      [1913 Webster]

            He will chafe at the doctor's marrying my daughter.
                                                  --Shak.
      [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Chafe \Chafe\ (ch[=a]f), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chafed
   (ch[=a]ft); p pr. & vb. n. Chafing.] [OE. chaufen to warm,
   OF. chaufer, F. chauffer, fr. L. calefacere, calfacere, to
   make warm; calere to be warm + facere to make. See
   Caldron.]
   1. To excite heat in by friction; to rub in order to
      stimulate and make warm.
      [1913 Webster]

            To rub her temples, and to chafe her skin.
                                                  --Spenser.
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   2. To excite passion or anger in; to fret; to irritate.
      [1913 Webster]

            Her intercession chafed him.          --Shak.
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   3. To fret and wear by rubbing; as, to chafe a cable.
      [1913 Webster]

            Two slips of parchment which she sewed round it to
            prevent its being chafed.             --Sir W.
                                                  Scott.

   Syn: To rub; fret; gall; vex; excite; inflame.
        [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Chafe \Chafe\, n.
   1. Heat excited by friction.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. Injury or wear caused by friction.
      [1913 Webster]

   3. Vexation; irritation of mind; rage.
      [1913 Webster]

            The cardinal in a chafe sent for him to Whitehall.
                                                  --Camden.
      [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

chafe
    n 1: soreness and warmth caused by friction; "he had a nasty
         chafe on his knee"
    2: anger produced by some annoying irritation [syn: annoyance,
       chafe, vexation]
    v 1: become or make sore by or as if by rubbing [syn: chafe,
         gall, fret]
    2: feel extreme irritation or anger; "He was chafing at her
       suggestion that he stay at home while she went on a vacation"
    3: cause annoyance in; disturb, especially by minor irritations;
       "Mosquitoes buzzing in my ear really bothers me"; "It
       irritates me that she never closes the door after she leaves"
       [syn: annoy, rag, get to, bother, get at,
       irritate, rile, nark, nettle, gravel, vex,
       chafe, devil]
    4: tear or wear off the skin or make sore by abrading; "This
       leash chafes the dog's neck" [syn: chafe, excoriate]
    5: cause friction; "my sweater scratches" [syn: rub, fray,
       fret, chafe, scratch]
    6: warm by rubbing, as with the hands

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

255 Moby Thesaurus words for "chafe":
   ablate, ablation, abrade, abrase, abrasion, abrasive, afflict,
   aggravate, agonize, ail, annoy, arouse, attrition, bark, be livid,
   be pissed, bite, blemish, bloody, bluster, boil, bother, break,
   bristle, browned off, bruise, buffing, burn, burn to, burnishing,
   carry on, chafing, check, chip, claw, concussion, convulse, cook,
   corrode, crack, crackle, craze, crucify, cut, damage, detrition,
   distress, dressing, electric-heat, embitter, embitterment, erase,
   erasure, erode, erosion, exacerbate, exacerbation, exasperate,
   excoriate, excruciate, exercise, fester, file, filing, fire,
   fire up, flash burn, flay, foment, fracture, fray, frazzle, fret,
   fret and fume, fretting, fume, fuss, gall, galling, gas-heat, gash,
   get excited, give pain, gnaw, gnaw away, go on, grate, grate on,
   gravel, graze, grazing, grind, grinding, gripe, grit, hardly wait,
   harrow, hasten, have a conniption, heat, heat up, hot, hot up,
   hot-air-heat, hot-water-heat, huff, hurt, impair, incense, incise,
   incision, inflame, inflict pain, injure, injury, irk, irritant,
   irritate, irritation, itch to, jump the gun, kill by inches,
   lacerate, laceration, lesion, limation, maim, make mincemeat of,
   make sore, martyr, martyrize, maul, miff, mortal wound, mull,
   mutilate, mutilation, nettle, nip, overheat, pain, peel, peeve,
   pierce, pinch, pique, pissed off, polishing, preheat, prick,
   prolong the agony, provocation, provoke, puncture, put to torture,
   rack, rage, raise Cain, raise hell, raise the devil,
   raise the roof, rankle, rant, rant and rave, rasp, rasping, rave,
   raze, recook, reheat, rend, rent, rile, rip, roil, rub, rub away,
   rub off, rub out, rubbing away, ruffle, run, rupture, sandblasting,
   sanding, savage, scald, scorch, scotch, scour, scouring, scrape,
   scraping, scratch, scratching, scrub, scrubbing, scuff,
   second-degree burn, seethe, set on edge, set up, shining, simmer,
   sizzle, skin, slash, slit, smoke, smolder, smoothing, sore,
   soreness, sprain, squirm, stab, stab wound, steam, stew, stick,
   sting, stir the blood, stir up, stoke up, storm, strain, superheat,
   sweat, sweat and stew, sweat it out, take on, tear, tepefy,
   third-degree burn, throw a fit, torment, torture, trauma,
   traumatize, tweak, twist, vex, wait impatiently, warm, warm over,
   warm up, wear, wear away, wearing away, work up, worry, wound,
   wounds immedicable, wrench, wring