The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Triumph \Tri"umph\, n. [L. triumphus, OL. triumpus; of uncertain
   origin; cf. Gr. ? a procession in honor of Bacchus: cf. F.
   triomphe. Cf. Trump at cards.]
   1. (Rom. Antiq.) A magnificent and imposing ceremonial
      performed in honor of a general who had gained a decisive
      victory over a foreign enemy.
      [1913 Webster]

   Note: The general was allowed to enter the city crowned with
         a wreath of laurel, bearing a scepter in one hand, and
         a branch of laurel in the other, riding in a circular
         chariot, of a peculiar form, drawn by four horses. He
         was preceded by the senate and magistrates, musicians,
         the spoils, the captives in fetters, etc., and followed
         by his army on foot in marching order. The procession
         advanced in this manner to the Capitoline Hill, where
         sacrifices were offered, and victorious commander
         entertained with a public feast.
         [1913 Webster]

   2. Hence, any triumphal procession; a pompous exhibition; a
      stately show or pageant. [Obs.]
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            Our daughter,
            In honor of whose birth these triumphs are,
            Sits here, like beauty's child.       --Shak.
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   3. A state of joy or exultation for success.
      [1913 Webster]

            Great triumph and rejoicing was in heaven. --Milton.
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            Hercules from Spain
            Arrived in triumph, from Geryon slain. --Dryden.
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   4. Success causing exultation; victory; conquest; as, the
      triumph of knowledge.
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   5. A trump card; also, an old game at cards. [Obs.]
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The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Triumph \Tri"umph\, v. t.
   To obtain a victory over; to prevail over; to conquer. Also,
   to cause to triumph. [Obs.]
   [1913 Webster]

         Two and thirty legions that awe
         All nations of the triumphed word.       --Massinger.
   [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Triumph \Tri"umph\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Triumphed; p. pr. &
   vb. n. Triumphing.] [L. triumphare: cf. F. triompher. See
   Triumph, n.]
   1. To celebrate victory with pomp; to rejoice over success;
      to exult in an advantage gained; to exhibit exultation.
      [1913 Webster]

            How long shall the wicked triumph?    --Ps. xciv. 3.
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            Sorrow on thee and all the pack of you
            That triumph thus upon my misery!     --Shak.
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   2. To obtain victory; to be successful; to prevail.
      [1913 Webster]

            Triumphing over death, and chance, and thee, O Time.
                                                  --Milton.
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            On this occasion, however, genius triumphed.
                                                  --Macaulay.
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   3. To be prosperous; to flourish.
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            Where commerce triumphed on the favoring gales.
                                                  --Trumbull.
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   4. To play a trump card. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
      [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

triumph
    n 1: a successful ending of a struggle or contest; "a narrow
         victory"; "the general always gets credit for his army's
         victory"; "clinched a victory"; "convincing victory"; "the
         agreement was a triumph for common sense" [syn: victory,
         triumph] [ant: defeat, licking]
    2: the exultation of victory
    v 1: prove superior; "The champion prevailed, though it was a
         hard fight" [syn: prevail, triumph]
    2: be ecstatic with joy [syn: wallow, rejoice, triumph]
    3: dwell on with satisfaction [syn: gloat, triumph, crow]
    4: to express great joy; "Who cannot exult in Spring?" [syn:
       exuberate, exult, rejoice, triumph, jubilate]

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

175 Moby Thesaurus words for "triumph":
   Cadmean victory, KO, Pyrrhic victory, accomplishment, achievement,
   anniversaries, ascendancy, attainment, be victorious,
   bear the palm, beat, beat all hollow, beat hollow, beat the game,
   beat the system, best, best seller, big hit, break the record,
   brilliant success, carry the day, celebrating, celebration,
   ceremony, championship, clobber, come through, come up fighting,
   come up smiling, commemoration, conquer, conquest, coup, crow,
   crow over, crowing, defeat, delight, destroy, do in, dominate,
   dressing ship, drub, easy victory, elation, exhilaration, exult,
   exultation, exulting, fad, fanfare, fanfaronade, festivity, fix,
   flourish of trumpets, gain, gas, gasser, gloat, gloat over,
   gloating, glory, grand slam, great success, happiness, hide, hit,
   holiday, hoopla, hors de combat, joy, jubilance, jubilate,
   jubilation, jubilee, killing, knockout, lambaste, landslide,
   landslide victory, lather, lick, live through,
   marking the occasion, master, mastery, memorialization, memory,
   merriment, meteoric success, momentary success, moral victory,
   observance, outclass, outdo, outfight, outgeneral, outmaneuver,
   outpoint, outrun, outsail, outshine, ovation, overcome, overwhelm,
   persevere, picnic, prevail, prevail over, prosper, pushover, put,
   rapture, raucous happiness, rejoicing, religious rites,
   remembrance, resounding triumph, revel, reveling, riot, rise above,
   rite, ritual observance, roaring success, rout, ruin,
   runaway victory, salute, salvo, sensation, settle, show of joy,
   skin, skin alive, smash, smash hit, solemn observance,
   solemnization, subdual, subdue, subduing, succeed, success,
   surmount, take the cake, testimonial, testimonial banquet,
   testimonial dinner, thrash, thrive, toast, total victory, tribute,
   trim, triumph over, trounce, undo, vanquish, vanquishing,
   vanquishment, victory, walkaway, walkover, weather out,
   weather the storm, whip, whoopee, win, win out, win through,
   winning, winning streak, worst, wow