[syn: terminology, nomenclature, language]
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:
Language \Lan"guage\, n. [OE. langage, F. langage, fr. L. lingua
the tongue, hence speech, language; akin to E. tongue. See
Tongue, cf. Lingual.]
[1913 Webster]
1. Any means of conveying or communicating ideas;
specifically, human speech; the expression of ideas by the
voice; sounds, expressive of thought, articulated by the
organs of the throat and mouth.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Language consists in the oral utterance of sounds which
usage has made the representatives of ideas. When two
or more persons customarily annex the same sounds to
the same ideas, the expression of these sounds by one
person communicates his ideas to another. This is the
primary sense of language, the use of which is to
communicate the thoughts of one person to another
through the organs of hearing. Articulate sounds are
represented to the eye by letters, marks, or
characters, which form words.
[1913 Webster]
2. The expression of ideas by writing, or any other
instrumentality.
[1913 Webster]
3. The forms of speech, or the methods of expressing ideas,
peculiar to a particular nation.
[1913 Webster]
4. The characteristic mode of arranging words, peculiar to an
individual speaker or writer; manner of expression; style.
[1913 Webster]
Others for language all their care express. --Pope.
[1913 Webster]
5. The inarticulate sounds by which animals inferior to man
express their feelings or their wants.
[1913 Webster]
6. The suggestion, by objects, actions, or conditions, of
ideas associated therewith; as, the language of flowers.
[1913 Webster]
There was . . . language in their very gesture.
--Shak.
[1913 Webster]
7. The vocabulary and phraseology belonging to an art or
department of knowledge; as, medical language; the
language of chemistry or theology.
[1913 Webster]
8. A race, as distinguished by its speech. [R.]
[1913 Webster]
All the people, the nations, and the languages, fell
down and worshiped the golden image. --Dan. iii. 7.
[1913 Webster]
9. Any system of symbols created for the purpose of
communicating ideas, emotions, commands, etc., between
sentient agents.
[PJC]
10. Specifically: (computers) Any set of symbols and the
rules for combining them which are used to specify to a
computer the actions that it is to take; also referred to
as a computer lanugage or programming language; as,
JAVA is a new and flexible high-level language which has
achieved popularity very rapidly.
[PJC]
Note: Computer languages are classed a low-level if each
instruction specifies only one operation of the
computer, or high-level if each instruction may specify
a complex combination of operations. Machine language
and assembly language are low-level computer
languages. FORTRAN, COBOL and C are high-level
computer languages. Other computer languages, such as
JAVA, allow even more complex combinations of low-level
operations to be performed with a single command. Many
programs, such as databases, are supplied with special
languages adapted to manipulate the objects of concern
for that specific program. These are also high-level
languages.
[PJC]
Language master, a teacher of languages. [Obs.]
Syn: Speech; tongue; idiom; dialect; phraseology; diction;
discourse; conversation; talk.
Usage: Language, Speech, Tongue, Idiom, Dialect.
Language is generic, denoting, in its most extended
use, any mode of conveying ideas; speech is the
language of articulate sounds; tongue is the
Anglo-Saxon term for language, esp. for spoken
language; as, the English tongue. Idiom denotes the
forms of construction peculiar to a particular
language; dialects are varieties of expression which
spring up in different parts of a country among people
speaking substantially the same language.
[1913 Webster]
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:
Language \Lan"guage\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Languaged; p. pr. &
vb. n. Languaging.]
To communicate by language; to express in language.
[1913 Webster]
Others were languaged in such doubtful expressions that
they have a double sense. --Fuller.
[1913 Webster]
WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):
language
n 1: a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or
conventional symbols; "he taught foreign languages"; "the
language introduced is standard throughout the text"; "the
speed with which a program can be executed depends on the
language in which it is written" [syn: language,
linguistic communication]
2: (language) communication by word of mouth; "his speech was
garbled"; "he uttered harsh language"; "he recorded the
spoken language of the streets" [syn: speech, speech
communication, spoken communication, spoken language,
language, voice communication, oral communication]
3: the text of a popular song or musical-comedy number; "his
compositions always started with the lyrics"; "he wrote both
words and music"; "the song uses colloquial language" [syn:
lyric, words, language]
4: the cognitive processes involved in producing and
understanding linguistic communication; "he didn't have the
language to express his feelings" [syn: linguistic process,
language]
5: the mental faculty or power of vocal communication; "language
sets homo sapiens apart from all other animals" [syn:
language, speech]
6: a system of words used to name things in a particular
discipline; "legal terminology"; "biological nomenclature";
"the language of sociology" [syn: terminology,
nomenclature, language]
Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:
482 Moby Thesaurus words for "language":
Abnaki, Afghan, Afghani, Afrikaans, Afro-Asiatic, Ainu, Akan,
Akkadian, Albanian, Aleut, Algonquian, Algonquin, Amharic,
Anatolian, Anatolic, Andaman, Annamese, Anzanite, Apache, Arabic,
Aramaic, Araucanian, Arawak, Arawakan, Armenian, Arulo, Aryan,
Assamese, Athapaskan, Austral, Austronesian, Avestan, Aymara,
Aztec, Balinese, Baluchi, Bashkir, Basque, Batak, Bellacoola,
Bengali, Berber, Bhili, Bihari, Bikol, Bini, Blackfoot,
Blaia Zimondal, Brahui, Brythonic, Buginese, Burmese, Burushaski,
Buryat, Bushman, Byelorussian, Cantonese, Carolinian, Caspian,
Castilian, Catalan, Caucasian, Chad, Cham, Cheremis, Cherokee,
Chibcha, Chibchan, Chin, Chinese, Chinookan, Chuvash, Coptic,
Cornish, Cuman, Czech, Dafla, Dalmatian, Danish, Dinka, Dravidian,
Dutch, Dyak, Edo, Efatese, Egyptian, Elamitic, English, Eskimo,
Eskimo-Aleut, Esperantido, Esperanto, Estonian, Ethiopic, Europan,
Euskarian, Ewe, Faeroese, Faliscan, Fijian, Finnic, Finnish,
Flemish, Fox, French, Frisian, Fula, Fulani, Gadaba, Gaelic,
Galcha, Galla, Garo, Gaulish, Geez, Georgian, German, Germanic,
Gold, Goldi, Gondi, Gothic, Greek, Guanche, Guarani, Gur, Gypsy,
Haida, Haitian Creole, Hamito-Semitic, Hausa, Hawaiian, Hebrew,
Hellenic, Hindustani, Hittite, Ho, Hokaltecan, Hokan-Siouan, Hopi,
Hottentot, Iban, Ibanag, Ibo, Icelandic, Idiom Neutral, Igorot,
Illyrian, Indic, Indo-Aryan, Indo-Chinese, Indo-European,
Indo-Hittite, Interlingua, Irish, Iroquoian, Italian, Italic,
Ivatan, Kachin, Kafiri, Kalmuck, Kamasin, Kamchadal, Kanarese,
Kara-Kalpak, Karamojong, Karankawa, Karelian, Kashmiri, Kashubian,
Kechumaran, Keres, Ket, Khamti, Kharia, Khasi, Khmer, Khoisan,
Khondi, Khosa, Khowar, Kickapoo, Kiowa Apache, Kirghiz, Kiriwina,
Kitunahan, Kodagu, Kohistani, Koiari, Kolami, Koluschan, Komi,
Konkani, Korean, Korwa, Koryak, Kui, Kuki, Kuki-Chin, Kumyk,
Kunama, Kurdish, Kurukh, Kutchin, Kutenai, Kwa, Ladino, Lahnda,
Lampong, Lamut, Lao, Lapp, Latin, Latinesce, Latvian, Lettish,
Libyan, Ligurian, Limbu, Lingualumina, Lingvo Kosmopolita,
Lithuanian, Livonian, Low German, Luorawetlan, Lusatian, Luwian,
Lycian, Lydian, Macedonian, Madurese, Magyar, Malagasy, Malay,
Malayalam, Malayo-Polynesian, Maltese, Manchu, Mandarin, Mande,
Mandingo, Mangarevan, Manobo, Manx, Maori, Marathi, Maya, Mayan,
Meithei, Mende, Messapian, Micronesian, Middle English,
Middle Greek, Middle High German, Middle Persian, Mishmi,
Mishongnovi, Misima, Miskito, Mon, Monario, Mongolian, Mongolic,
Mordvin, Mordvinian, Moro, Mru, Munda, Muong, Mura, Muran, Murmi,
Muskogean, Muskogee, Na-dene, Naga, Nahuatlan, Nepali, Newari,
Ngala, Ngbaka, Niasese, Nicobarese, Niuean, Nogai, Nootka,
Norwegian, Nov-Esperanto, Nov-Latin, Novial, Occidental, Optez,
Oraon, Oriya, Oscan, Osco-Umbrian, Osmanli, Ossetic, Ostyak,
Otomanguean, Pahlavi, Palaic, Palau, Palaung, Paleo-Asiatic, Pali,
Pampango, Pangasinan, Papuan, Pashto, Pasigraphy, Paya, Penutian,
Permian, Persian, Phrygian, Piman, Plattdeutsch, Polabian, Polish,
Polynesian, Portuguese, Prakrit, Punic, Punjabi, Quechua, Quechuan,
Ritwan, Ro, Romaic, Romanal, Romance, Romanic, Romansh, Romany,
Russian, Ruthenian, Sabellian, Saharan, Sakai, Salish, Samoan,
Samoyed, Samoyedic, Sanskrit, Sardinian, Sasak, Scandinavian,
Selung, Semitic, Serbo-Croatian, Shan, Shilha, Shluh, Shoshonean,
Siamese, Sinhalese, Sino-Tibetan, Siouan, Skittagetan, Slavic,
Slavonic, Slovak, Slovene, Slovenian, Sogdian, Sorbian, Soyot,
Spanish, Sudanic, Sumerian, Susian, Swahili, Swedish, Syriac,
Syryenian, Tagalog, Tagula, Tahitian, Takelma, Takilman, Tamashek,
Tamaulipec, Tanoan, Taracahitian, Tarascan, Tavgi, Taw-Sug,
Thraco-Phrygian, Tibeto-Burman, Tigre, Tipura, Tocharian, Toda,
Tsimshian, Tuareg, Tulu, Tungus, Tungusic, Tupi-Guaranian,
Turanian, Turkic, Turkish, Turko-Tartar, Turkoman, Ugric, Uighur,
Umbrian, Ural-Altaic, Uralian, Urdu, Uto-Aztecan, Uzbek,
Vietnamese, Visayan, Vote, Votyak, Wa, Welsh, White Russian, Xhosa,
Yakut, Yeniseian, Yiddish, Yoruba, Yukaghir, Yukian, Yurak, Zenaga,
Zulu, agglutinative, analytic, argot, cant, choice of words,
communication, composition, dialect, diction, dictionary,
expression, formulation, grammar, idiom, incorporative,
inflectional, interaction, intercourse, isolating, jargon,
language, lexicon, lingo, locution, monosyllabic, palaver,
parlance, patois, phrase, phraseology, phrasing, polysynthetic,
polytonic, rhetoric, slang, speech, style, synthetic, talk,
terminology, tongue, usage, use of words, usus loquendi, verbiage,
vernacular, vocabulary, wordage, wording, words
The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (30 December 2018):
language
1. programming language.
2. natural language.
(1998-09-07)
The Devil's Dictionary (1881-1906):
LANGUAGE, n. The music with which we charm the serpents guarding
another's treasure.