The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Chancellor \Chan"cel*lor\, n. [OE. canceler, chaunceler, F.
   chancelier, LL. cancellarius chancellor, a director of
   chancery, fr. L. cancelli lattices, crossbars, which
   surrounded the seat of judgment. See Chancel.]
   A judicial court of chancery, which in England and in the
   United States is distinctively a court with equity
   jurisdiction.
   [1913 Webster]

   Note: The chancellor was originally a chief scribe or
         secretary under the Roman emperors, but afterward was
         invested with judicial powers, and had superintendence
         over the other officers of the empire. From the Roman
         empire this office passed to the church, and every
         bishop has his chancellor, the principal judge of his
         consistory. In later times, in most countries of
         Europe, the chancellor was a high officer of state,
         keeper of the great seal of the kingdom, and having the
         supervision of all charters, and like public
         instruments of the crown, which were authenticated in
         the most solemn manner. In France a secretary is in
         some cases called a chancellor. In Scotland, the
         appellation is given to the foreman of a jury, or
         assize. In the present German empire, the chancellor is
         the president of the federal council and the head of
         the imperial administration. In the United States, the
         title is given to certain judges of courts of chancery
         or equity, established by the statutes of separate
         States. --Blackstone. Wharton.
         [1913 Webster]

   Chancellor of a bishop or Chancellor of a diocese (R. C.
      Ch. & ch. of Eng.), a law officer appointed to hold the
      bishop's court in his diocese, and to assist him in matter
      of ecclesiastical law.

   Chancellor of a cathedral, one of the four chief
      dignitaries of the cathedrals of the old foundation, and
      an officer whose duties are chiefly educational, with
      special reference to the cultivation of theology.

   Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, an officer before
      whom, or his deputy, the court of the duchy chamber of
      Lancaster is held. This is a special jurisdiction.

   Chancellor of a university, the chief officer of a
      collegiate body. In Oxford, he is elected for life; in
      Cambridge, for a term of years; and his office is
      honorary, the chief duties of it devolving on the vice
      chancellor.

   Chancellor of the exchequer, a member of the British
      cabinet upon whom devolves the charge of the public income
      and expenditure as the highest finance minister of the
      government.

   Chancellor of the order of the Garter (or other military
      orders), an officer who seals the commissions and mandates
      of the chapter and assembly of the knights, keeps the
      register of their proceedings, and delivers their acts
      under the seal of their order.

   Lord high chancellor of England, the presiding judge in the
      court of chancery, the highest judicial officer of the
      crown, and the first lay person of the state after the
      blood royal. He is created chancellor by the delivery into
      his custody of the great seal, of which he becomes keeper.
      He is privy counselor by his office, and prolocutor of the
      House of Lords by prescription.
      [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

Chancellor
    n 1: the British cabinet minister responsible for finance [syn:
         Chancellor of the Exchequer, Chancellor]
    2: the person who is head of state (in several countries) [syn:
       chancellor, premier, prime minister]
    3: the honorary or titular head of a university

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

121 Moby Thesaurus words for "chancellor":
   JA, academic dean, administration, administrator, alderman,
   ambassador, ambassadress, amicus curiae, apostolic delegate,
   archon, assessor, attache, bailie, barmaster, burghermaster,
   burgomaster, cabinet member, cabinet minister, career diplomat,
   charge, chief executive, chief executive officer, chief of state,
   circuit judge, city councilman, city father, city manager,
   commercial attache, commissar, commissioner, consul,
   consul general, consular agent, councillor, councilman,
   councilwoman, county commissioner, county supervisor, dean,
   dean of men, dean of women, dewan, diplomat, diplomatic,
   diplomatic agent, diplomatist, doge, elder, emissary, envoy,
   envoy extraordinary, executive, executive director,
   executive officer, executive secretary, foreign service officer,
   grand vizier, head of state, headman, headmaster, headmistress,
   induna, internuncio, judge advocate, judge ordinary, jurat,
   justice in eyre, justice of assize, lay judge, legal assessor,
   legate, legislator, lord mayor, magistrate, maire, management,
   managing director, master, mayor, military attache, military judge,
   minister, minister of state, minister plenipotentiary,
   minister resident, nuncio, officer, official, ombudsman, ordinary,
   plenipotentiary, police judge, portreeve, prefect, premier,
   president, presiding judge, prexy, prime minister, principal,
   probate judge, provost, puisne judge, recorder, rector, reeve,
   resident, secretary, secretary of legation, secretary of state,
   selectman, supervisor, syndic, the administration, treasurer,
   undersecretary, vice-chancellor, vice-consul, vice-legate,
   vice-president, warden



Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary:

Chancellor
   one who has judicial authority, literally, a "lord of
   judgement;" a title given to the Persian governor of Samaria
   (Ezra 4:8, 9, 17).


Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856):

CHANCELLOR. An officer appointed to preside over a court of chancery,
invested with various powers in the several states.
     2. The office of chancellor is of Roman origin. He appears, at first,
to have been a chief scribe or secretary, but he was afterwards invested
with judicial power, and had superintendence over the other officers of the
empire. From the Romans, the title and office passed to the church, and
therefore every bishop of the catholic church has, to this day, his
chancellor, the principal judge of his consistory. When the modern kingdoms
of Europe were established upon the ruins of the empire, almost every state
preserved its chancellor, with different jurisdictions and dignities,
according to their different constitutions. In all he seems to have had a
supervision of all charters, letters, and such other public instruments of
the crown, as were authenticated in the most solemn manner; and when seals
came into use, he had the custody of the public seal.
     3. An officer bearing this title is to be found in most countries of
Europe, and is generally invested with extensive authority. The title and
office of chancellor came to us from England. Many of our state
constitutions provide for the appointment of this officer, who is by them,
and by the law of the several states, invested with power as they provide.
Vide Encyclopedie, b. t.; Encycl.. Amer. h.t.; Dict. de Jur. h.t.; Merl.
Rep. h.t.; 4 Vin. Ab. 374; Blake's Ch. Index, h.t.; Woodes. Lect. 95.



U.S. Gazetteer Places (2000):

Chancellor, SD -- U.S. town in South Dakota
   Population (2000):    328
   Housing Units (2000): 142
   Land area (2000):     0.246846 sq. miles (0.639328 sq. km)
   Water area (2000):    0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
   Total area (2000):    0.246846 sq. miles (0.639328 sq. km)
   FIPS code:            11380
   Located within:       South Dakota (SD), FIPS 46
   Location:             43.372382 N, 96.987761 W
   ZIP Codes (1990):     57015
   Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
   Headwords:
    Chancellor, SD
    Chancellor