The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Barbary \Bar"ba*ry\, n. [Fr. Ar. Barbar the people of Barbary.]
   The countries on the north coast of Africa from Egypt to the
   Atlantic. Hence: A Barbary horse; a barb. [Obs.] Also, a kind
   of pigeon.
   [1913 Webster]

   Barbary ape (Zool.), an ape (Macacus innuus) of north
      Africa and Gibraltar Rock, being the only monkey
      inhabiting Europe. It is very commonly trained by showmen.
      [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

Barbary ape
    n 1: tailless macaque of rocky cliffs and forests of
         northwestern Africa and Gibraltar [syn: Barbary ape,
         Macaca sylvana]