WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

Augustus
    n 1: Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became
         emperor in 27 BC; defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31
         BC at Actium (63 BC - AD 14) [syn: Augustus, Gaius
         Octavianus, Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, Octavian]

Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary:

Augustus
   the cognomen of the first Roman emperor, C. Julius Caesar
   Octavianus, during whose reign Christ was born (Luke 2:1). His
   decree that "all the world should be taxed" was the divinely
   ordered occasion of Jesus' being born, according to prophecy
   (Micah 5:2), in Bethlehem. This name being simply a title
   meaning "majesty" or "venerable," first given to him by the
   senate (B.C. 27), was borne by succeeding emperors. Before his
   death (A.D. 14) he associated Tiberius with him in the empire
   (Luke 3:1), by whom he was succeeded.


Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's):

Augustus, increased, augmented