The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Puerperal \Pu*er"per*al\, a. [L. puerpera a lying-in woman; puer
   child + parere to bear: cf. F. puerp['e]ral.]
   Of or pertaining to childbirth; as, a puerperal fever.
   [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

puerperal
    adj 1: relating to or connected with or occurring at the time of
           childbirth or shortly following, or to the woman who has
           just given birth