The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Luddite \Lud"dite\, n.
   One of a number of riotous persons in England, who for six
   years (1811-17) tried to prevent the use of labor-saving
   machinery by breaking it, burning factories, etc.; -- so
   called from Ned Lud, a half-witted man who some years
   previously had broken stocking frames. --J. & H. Smith. --H.
   Martineau.
   [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

Luddite
    n 1: any opponent of technological progress
    2: one of the 19th century English workmen who destroyed
       laborsaving machinery that they thought would cause
       unemployment