The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Hysterology \Hys`ter*ol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ?; ? the latter + ?
   discourse: cf. F. hyst['e]rologie.] (Rhet.)
   A figure by which the ordinary course of thought is inverted
   in expression, and the last put first; -- called also
   hysteron proteron.
   [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Hysteron proteron \Hys"te*ron prot"e*ron\ [NL., fr. Gr.
   "y`steros the latter, following + pro`teros before, others,
   sooner.] (Rhet.)
   (a) A figure in which the natural order of sense is reversed;
       hysterology; as, valet atque vivit, "he is well and
       lives."
   (b) An inversion of logical order, in which the conclusion is
       put before the premises, or the thing proved before the
       evidence.
       [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

hysteron proteron
    n 1: reversal of normal order of two words or sentences etc. (as
         in `bred and born')
    2: the logical fallacy of using as a true premise a proposition
       that is yet to be proved

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

56 Moby Thesaurus words for "hysteron proteron":
   anastrophe, argument, argument by analogy, argumentum ad baculum,
   argumentum ad captandum, argumentum ad hominem, arsy-varsiness,
   bad case, begging the question, chiasmus, circular argument,
   claptrap, clutter, crowd-pleasing argument, empty words, fallacy,
   farrago, formal fallacy, hash, helter-skelter, higgledy-piggledy,
   hodgepodge, hypallage, hyperbaton, insincere argument, jumble,
   litter, logical fallacy, material fallacy, mere rhetoric, mess,
   metastasis, metathesis, mishmash, moonshine, non sequitur,
   palindrome, paralogism, parenthesis, petitio principii,
   philosophism, pseudosyllogism, scramble, solecism, sophism,
   sophistry, synchysis, tmesis, topsy-turviness, topsy-turvydom,
   tumble, turmoil, unholy mess, verbal fallacy, weak point, welter