WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

Artaxerxes
    n 1: king of Persia who subdued numerous revolutions and made
         peace with Sparta (?-359 BC) [syn: Artaxerxes II,
         Artaxerxes]
    2: king of Persia who sanctioned the practice of Judaism in
       Jerusalem (?-424 BC) [syn: Artaxerxes I, Artaxerxes]

Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary:

Artaxerxes
   the Greek form of the name of several Persian kings. (1.) The
   king who obstructed the rebuilding of the temple (Ezra 4:7). He
   was probably the Smerdis of profane history.

     (2.) The king mentioned in Ezra 7:1, in the seventh year (B.C.
   458) of whose reign Ezra led a second colony of Jews back to
   Jerusalem, was probably Longimanus, who reigned for forty years
   (B.C. 464-425); the grandson of Darius, who, fourteen years
   later, permitted Nehemiah to return and rebuild Jerusalem.


Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's):

Artaxerxes, the silence of light; fervent to spoil