The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Aerology \A`["e]r*ol"o*gy\, n. [A["e]ro- + -logy: cf. F.
   a['e]rologie.]
   That department of physics which treats of the atmosphere.
   [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

aerology
    n 1: meteorology of the total extent of the atmosphere;
         especially the upper layers

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

33 Moby Thesaurus words for "aerology":
   aerial photography, aeroballistics, aerodynamics, aerogeology,
   aerography, aeromechanics, aeromedicine, aerometry,
   aeronautical meteorology, aerophotography, aerophysics, aeroscopy,
   aerospace research, aerostatics, anemology, aviation technology,
   avionics, barometry, climatography, climatology, forecasting,
   hydrostatics, kinematics, kinetics, long-range forecasting,
   meteorology, microclimatology, nephology, photometry, pneumatics,
   rocketry, supersonics, weatherology