The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Roughness \Rough"ness\, n.
   The quality or state of being rough.
   [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

roughness
    n 1: a texture of a surface or edge that is not smooth but is
         irregular and uneven [syn: roughness, raggedness] [ant:
         smoothness]
    2: the quality of being unpleasant (harsh or rough or grating)
       to the senses [syn: harshness, roughness]
    3: an unpolished unrefined quality; "the crudeness of frontier
       dwellings depressed her" [syn: crudeness, roughness]
    4: used of the sea during inclement or stormy weather [syn:
       choppiness, roughness, rough water]
    5: rowdy behavior [syn: rowdiness, rowdyism, roughness,
       disorderliness]
    6: the formation of small pits in a surface as a consequence of
       corrosion [syn: pitting, roughness, indentation]
    7: harsh or severe speech or behavior; "men associate the
       roughness of nonstandard working-class speech with
       masculinity"; "the roughness of her voice was a signal to
       keep quiet"