The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Typhus \Ty"phus\, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? smoke, cloud, stupor
   arising from fever; akin to ? to smoke, Skr. dh?pa smoke.]
   (Med.)
   A contagious continued fever lasting from two to three weeks,
   attended with great prostration and cerebral disorder, and
   marked by a copious eruption of red spots upon the body. Also
   called jail fever, famine fever, putrid fever,
   spottled fever, etc. See Jail fever, under Jail.
   [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

typhus
    n 1: rickettsial disease transmitted by body lice and
         characterized by skin rash and high fever [syn: typhus,
         typhus fever]

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

127 Moby Thesaurus words for "typhus":
   African lethargy, Asiatic cholera, Chagres fever, German measles,
   Haverhill fever, acute articular rheumatism, ague, alkali disease,
   amebiasis, amebic dysentery, anthrax, bacillary dysentery,
   bastard measles, black death, black fever, blackwater fever,
   breakbone fever, brucellosis, bubonic plague, cachectic fever,
   cerebral rheumatism, chicken pox, cholera, cowpox, dandy fever,
   deer fly fever, dengue, dengue fever, diphtheria, dumdum fever,
   dysentery, elephantiasis, encephalitis lethargica, enteric fever,
   erysipelas, famine fever, five-day fever, flu, frambesia,
   glandular fever, grippe, hansenosis, hepatitis, herpes,
   herpes simplex, herpes zoster, histoplasmosis, hookworm,
   hydrophobia, infantile paralysis, infectious mononucleosis,
   inflammatory rheumatism, influenza, jail fever, jungle rot,
   kala azar, kissing disease, lepra, leprosy, leptospirosis, loa loa,
   loaiasis, lockjaw, madness, malaria, malarial fever, marsh fever,
   measles, meningitis, milzbrand, mumps, ornithosis, osteomyelitis,
   paratyphoid fever, parotitis, parrot fever, pertussis, pneumonia,
   polio, poliomyelitis, polyarthritis rheumatism, ponos, psittacosis,
   rabbit fever, rabies, rat-bite fever, relapsing fever,
   rheumatic fever, rickettsialpox, ringworm, rubella, rubeola,
   scarlatina, scarlet fever, schistosomiasis, septic sore throat,
   shingles, sleeping sickness, sleepy sickness, smallpox,
   snail fever, splenic fever, spotted fever, strep throat,
   swamp fever, tetanus, thrush, tinea, trench fever, trench mouth,
   tuberculosis, tularemia, typhoid, typhoid fever, typhus fever,
   undulant fever, vaccinia, varicella, variola, venereal disease,
   viral dysentery, whooping cough, yaws, yellow fever, yellow jack,
   zona, zoster