The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Patient \Pa"tient\, n.
   1. One who, or that which, is passively affected; a passive
      recipient.
      [1913 Webster]

            Malice is a passion so impetuous and precipitate
            that it often involves the agent and the patient.
                                                  --Gov. of
                                                  Tongue.
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   2. A person under medical or surgical treatment; --
      correlative to physician or nurse.
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            Like a physician, . . . seeing his patient in a
            pestilent fever.                      --Sir P.
                                                  Sidney.
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   In patient, a patient who receives lodging and food, as
      treatment, in a hospital or an infirmary.

   Out patient, one who receives advice and medicine, or
      treatment, from an infirmary.
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The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Patient \Pa"tient\ (p[=a]"shent), a. [F., fr. L. patiens,
   -entis, p. pr. of pati to suffer. Cf. Pathos, Passion.]
   1. Having the quality of enduring; physically able to suffer
      or bear.
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            Patient of severest toil and hardship. --Bp. Fell.
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   2. Undergoing pains, trials, or the like, without murmuring
      or fretfulness; bearing up with equanimity against
      trouble; long-suffering.
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   3. Constant in pursuit or exertion; persevering; calmly
      diligent; as, patient endeavor.
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            Whatever I have done is due to patient thought.
                                                  --Sir I.
                                                  Newton.
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   4. Expectant with calmness, or without discontent; not hasty;
      not overeager; composed.
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            Not patient to expect the turns of fate. --Prior.
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   5. Forbearing; long-suffering.
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            Be patient toward all men.            --1 Thess. v.
                                                  14.
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The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Patient \Pa"tient\, v. t.
   To compose, to calm. [Obs.] "Patient yourself, madam."
   --Shak.
   [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

patient
    adj 1: enduring trying circumstances with even temper or
           characterized by such endurance; "a patient smile"; "was
           patient with the children"; "an exact and patient
           scientist"; "please be patient" [ant: impatient]
    n 1: a person who requires medical care; "the number of
         emergency patients has grown rapidly"
    2: the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is
       directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by
       the verb in the clause [syn: affected role, patient role,
       patient]

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

156 Moby Thesaurus words for "patient":
   Spartan, accepting, accommodating, acquiescent, apoplectic,
   armed with patience, arthritic, assiduous, benevolent, bovine,
   case, charitable, clement, compassionate, compliant, conciliatory,
   constant, consumptive, continuing, determined, diligent,
   disciplined, dispassionate, dogged, dull, dyspeptic, easy,
   easygoing, endurant, enduring, epileptic, even-tempered, faithful,
   firm, forbearant, forbearing, forgiving, generous, gentle,
   guinea pig, humane, immutable, impassive, imperturbable,
   inalterable, incurable, indefatigable, indomitable, indulgent,
   industrious, inexcitable, inirritable, inpatient, insistent,
   invalid, invincible, kind, laboratory animal, lasting, lax,
   lenient, long-suffering, longanimous, loyal, magnanimous, merciful,
   mild, moderate, never-tiring, obstinate, outpatient, passive,
   patient as Job, permanent, perseverant, persevering, persistent,
   persisting, pertinacious, philosophical, placable, plodding,
   plugging, preoccupied, rapt, relentless, resigned, resolute,
   resolved, rheumatic, sedulous, self-controlled, self-possessed,
   serene, shut-in, sick person, single-minded, sleepless, slogging,
   soft, sparing, spastic, stable, staunch, steadfast, steady, stoic,
   stoical, stolid, stubborn, subject, submissive, sufferer,
   tenacious, tender, terminal case, testee, the sick, tireless,
   tolerant, tolerating, tolerative, unabating, unconquerable,
   undaunted, understanding, undiscouraged, undisturbable, undrooping,
   unfailing, unfaltering, unflagging, unflappable, unflinching,
   unintermitting, uninterrupted, unirritable, unnervous, unnodding,
   unpassionate, unrelaxing, unrelenting, unremitting, unresentful,
   unrevengeful, unsleeping, unswerving, untiring, unwavering,
   unwearied, unwearying, unwinking, unyielding, utterly attentive,
   valetudinarian, weariless