The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Long \Long\, a. [Compar. Longer; superl. Longest.] [AS.
   long, lang; akin to OS, OFries., D., & G. lang, Icel. langr,
   Sw. l[*a]ng, Dan. lang, Goth. laggs, L. longus. [root]125.
   Cf. Length, Ling a fish, Linger, Lunge, Purloin.]
   1. Drawn out in a line, or in the direction of length;
      protracted; extended; as, a long line; -- opposed to
      short, and distinguished from broad or wide.
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   2. Drawn out or extended in time; continued through a
      considerable tine, or to a great length; as, a long series
      of events; a long debate; a long drama; a long history; a
      long book.
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   3. Slow in passing; causing weariness by length or duration;
      lingering; as, long hours of watching.
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   4. Occurring or coming after an extended interval; distant in
      time; far away.
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            The we may us reserve both fresh and strong
            Against the tournament, which is not long.
                                                  --Spenser.
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   5. Having a length of the specified measure; of a specified
      length; as, a span long; a yard long; a mile long, that
      is, extended to the measure of a mile, etc.
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   6. Far-reaching; extensive. " Long views." --Burke.
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   7. (Phonetics) Prolonged, or relatively more prolonged, in
      utterance; -- said of vowels and syllables. See Short,
      a., 13, and Guide to Pronunciation, [sect][sect] 22, 30.
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   8. (Finance & Com.) Having a supply of stocks or goods;
      prepared for, or depending for a profit upon, advance in
      prices; as, long of cotton. Hence, the phrases: to be, or
      go, long of the market, to be on the long side of the
      market, to hold products or securities for a rise in
      price, esp. when bought on a margin. Contrasted to
      short.
      [Webster 1913 Suppl.]

   Note: Long is used as a prefix in a large number of compound
         adjectives which are mostly of obvious meaning; as,
         long-armed, long-beaked, long-haired, long-horned,
         long-necked, long-sleeved, long-tailed, long- worded,
         etc.
         [1913 Webster]

   In the long run, in the whole course of things taken
      together; in the ultimate result; eventually.

   Long clam (Zool.), the common clam (Mya arenaria) of the
      Northern United States and Canada; -- called also
      soft-shell clam and long-neck clam. See Mya.

   Long cloth, a kind of cotton cloth of superior quality.

   Long clothes, clothes worn by a young infant, extending
      below the feet.

   Long division. (Math.) See Division.

   Long dozen, one more than a dozen; thirteen.

   Long home, the grave.

   Long measure, Long meter. See under Measure, Meter.


   Long Parliament (Eng. Hist.), the Parliament which
      assembled Nov. 3, 1640, and was dissolved by Cromwell,
      April 20, 1653.

   Long price, the full retail price.

   Long purple (Bot.), a plant with purple flowers, supposed
      to be the Orchis mascula. --Dr. Prior.

   Long suit
      (a) (Whist), a suit of which one holds originally more
          than three cards. --R. A. Proctor.
      (b) One's most important resource or source of strength;
          as, as an entertainer, her voice was her long suit.

   Long tom.
      (a) A pivot gun of great length and range, on the dock of
          a vessel.
      (b) A long trough for washing auriferous earth. [Western
          U.S.]
      (c) (Zool.) The long-tailed titmouse.

   Long wall (Coal Mining), a working in which the whole seam
      is removed and the roof allowed to fall in, as the work
      progresses, except where passages are needed.

   Of long, a long time. [Obs.] --Fairfax.

   To be long of the market, or To go long of the market,
   To be on the long side of the market, etc. (Stock
      Exchange), to hold stock for a rise in price, or to have a
      contract under which one can demand stock on or before a
      certain day at a stipulated price; -- opposed to short
      in such phrases as, to be short of stock, to sell short,
      etc. [Cant] See Short.

   To have a long head, to have a farseeing or sagacious mind.
      [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

measure \meas"ure\ (m[e^]zh"[-u]r; 135), n. [OE. mesure, F.
   mesure, L. mensura, fr. metiri, mensus, to measure; akin to
   metrum poetical measure, Gr. me`tron, E. meter. Cf.
   Immense, Mensuration, Mete to measure.]
   1. A standard of dimension; a fixed unit of quantity or
      extent; an extent or quantity in the fractions or
      multiples of which anything is estimated and stated;
      hence, a rule by which anything is adjusted or judged.
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   2. An instrument by means of which size or quantity is
      measured, as a graduated line, rod, vessel, or the like.
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            False ells and measures be brought all clean adown.
                                                  --R. of
                                                  Gloucester.
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   3. The dimensions or capacity of anything, reckoned according
      to some standard; size or extent, determined and stated;
      estimated extent; as, to take one's measure for a coat.
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            The measure thereof is longer than the earth, and
            broader than the sea.                 --Job xi. 9.
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   4. The contents of a vessel by which quantity is measured; a
      quantity determined by a standard; a stated or limited
      quantity or amount.
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            It is like leaven which a woman took and hid in
            three measures of meal.               --Luke xiii.
                                                  21.
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   5. Extent or degree not excessive or beyong bounds;
      moderation; due restraint; esp. in the phrases, in
      measure; with measure; without or beyond measure.
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            Hell hath enlarged herself, and opened her mouth
            without measure.                      --Is. v. 14.
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   6. Determined extent, not to be exceeded; limit; allotted
      share, as of action, influence, ability, or the like; due
      proportion.
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            Lord, make me to know mine end, and the measure of
            my days.                              --Ps. xxxix.
                                                  4.
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   7. The quantity determined by measuring, especially in buying
      and selling; as, to give good or full measure.
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   8. Undefined quantity; extent; degree.
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            There is a great measure of discretion to be used in
            the performance of confession.        --Jer. Taylor.
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   9. Regulated division of movement:
      (a) (Dancing) A regulated movement corresponding to the
          time in which the accompanying music is performed;
          but, especially, a slow and stately dance, like the
          minuet.
      (b) (Mus.) (1) The group or grouping of beats, caused by
          the regular recurrence of accented beats. (2) The
          space between two bars. See Beat, Triple,
          Quadruple, Sextuple, Compound time, under
          Compound, a., and Figure.
      (c) (Poetry) The manner of ordering and combining the
          quantities, or long and short syllables; meter;
          rhythm; hence, a foot; as, a poem in iambic measure.
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   10. (Arith.) A number which is contained in a given number a
       number of times without a remainder; as in the phrases,
       the common measure, the greatest common measure, etc., of
       two or more numbers; a denominator. See common
       denominator under denominator.
       [1913 Webster +PJC]

   11. A step or definite part of a progressive course or
       policy; a means to an end; an act designed for the
       accomplishment of an object; as, political measures;
       prudent measures; an inefficient measure.
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             His majesty found what wrong measures he had taken
             in the conferring that trust, and lamented his
             error.                               --Clarendon.
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   12. The act of measuring; measurement. --Shak.
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   13. pl. (Geol.) Beds or strata; as, coal measures; lead
       measures.
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   linear measure, lineal measure, or long measure,
      measure of length; the measure of lines or distances.

   Liquid measure, the measure of liquids.

   Square measure, the measure of superficial area of surfaces
      in square units, as inches, feet, miles, etc.

   To have hard measure, to have harsh treatment meted out to
      one; to be harshly or oppressively dealt with.

   To take measures, to make preparations; to provide means.


   To take one's measure, to measure one, as for a garment;
      hence, to form an opinion of one's disposition, character,
      ability, etc.

   To tread a measure, to dance in the style so called. See 9
       (a) .
           [1913 Webster]

                 Say to her, we have measured many miles
                 To tread a measure with her on this grass.
                                                  --Shak.
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WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

long measure
    n 1: a measure of length