WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

logic programming
    n 1: a computer language designed in Europe to support natural
         language processing [syn: Prolog, logic programing,
         logic programming]
    2: creating a program that enables the computer to reason
       logically [syn: logic programming, logic programing]

The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (30 December 2018):

logic programming

    A
   declarative, relational style of programming based on
   first-order logic.  The original logic programming language
   was Prolog.  The concept is based on Horn clauses.

   The programmer writes a "database" of "facts", e.g.

   	wet(water).

   ("water is wet") and "rules", e.g.

   	mortal(X) :- human(X).

   ("X is mortal is implied by X is human").  Facts and rules are
   collectively known as "clauses".

   The user supplies a "goal" which the system attempts to
   prove using "resolution" or "backward chaining".  This
   involves matching the current goal against each fact or the
   left hand side of each rule using "unification".  If the
   goal matches a fact, the goal succeeds; if it matches a rule
   then the process recurses, taking each sub-goal on the right
   hand side of the rule as the current goal.  If all sub-goals
   succeed then the rule succeeds.

   Each time a possible clause is chosen, a "choice point" is
   created on a stack.  If subsequent resolution fails then
   control eventually returns to the choice point and subsequent
   clauses are tried.  This is known as "backtracking".

   Clauses may contain logic variables which take on any value
   necessary to make the fact or the left hand side of the rule
   match a goal.  Unification binds these variables to the
   corresponding subterms of the goal.  Such bindings are
   associated with the choice point at which the clause was
   chosen and are undone when backtracking reaches that choice
   point.

   The user is informed of the success or failure of his first
   goal and if it succeeds and contains variables he is told what
   values of those variables caused it to succeed.  He can then
   ask for alternative solutions.

   (1997-07-14)