The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Extraction \Ex*trac"tion\, n. [Cf. F. extraction.]
   1. The act of extracting, or drawing out; as, the extraction
      of a tooth, of a bone or an arrow from the body, of a
      stump from earth, of a passage from a book, of an essence
      or tincture.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. Derivation from a stock or family; lineage; descent;
      birth; the stock from which one has descended. "A family
      of ancient extraction." --Clarendon.
      [1913 Webster]

   3. That which is extracted; extract; essence.
      [1913 Webster]

            They [books] do preserve as in a vial the purest
            efficacy and extraction of that living intellect
            that bred them.                       --Milton.
      [1913 Webster]

   The extraction of roots. (Math.)
      (a) The operation of finding the root of a given number or
          quantity.
      (b) The method or rule by which the operation is
          performed; evolution.
          [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

extraction
    n 1: the process of obtaining something from a mixture or
         compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means
    2: properties attributable to your ancestry; "he comes from good
       origins" [syn: origin, descent, extraction]
    3: the action of taking out something (especially using effort
       or force); "the dentist gave her a local anesthetic prior to
       the extraction"