The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Surge \Surge\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surged; p. pr. & vb. n.
   Surging.] [Cf. F. surgir to cast anchor, to land. Cf.
   Surge, n.] (Naut.)
   To let go or slacken suddenly, as a rope; as, to surge a
   hawser or messenger; also, to slacken the rope about (a
   capstan).
   [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Surge \Surge\, n. [L. surgere, surrectum, to raise, to rise; sub
   under + regere to direct: cf. OF. surgeon, sourgeon,
   fountain. See Regent, and cf. Insurrection, Sortie,
   Source.]
   1. A spring; a fountain. [Obs.] "Divers surges and springs of
      water." --Ld. Berners.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. A large wave or billow; a great, rolling swell of water,
      produced generally by a high wind.
      [1913 Webster]

            He that doubteth is like the surge of the sea driven
            by the wind and tossed.               --James i. 6
                                                  (Rev. Ver.)
      [1913 Webster]

            He flies aloft, and, with impetuous roar,
            Pursues the foaming surges to the shore. --Dryden.
      [1913 Webster]

   3. The motion of, or produced by, a great wave.
      [1913 Webster]

   4. The tapered part of a windlass barrel or a capstan, upon
      which the cable surges, or slips.
      [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Surge \Surge\, v. i.
   1. To swell; to rise hifg and roll.
      [1913 Webster]

            The surging waters like a mountain rise. --Spenser.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. (Naut.) To slip along a windlass.
      [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

surge
    n 1: a sudden forceful flow [syn: rush, spate, surge,
         upsurge]
    2: a sudden or abrupt strong increase; "stimulated a surge of
       speculation"; "an upsurge of emotion"; "an upsurge in violent
       crime" [syn: surge, upsurge]
    3: a large sea wave [syn: billow, surge]
    v 1: rise and move, as in waves or billows; "The army surged
         forward" [syn: billow, surge, heave]
    2: rise rapidly; "the dollar soared against the yen" [syn:
       soar, soar up, soar upwards, surge, zoom]
    3: rise or move forward; "surging waves" [syn: tide, surge]
       [ant: ebb, ebb away, ebb down, ebb off, ebb out]
    4: rise or heave upward under the influence of a natural force
       such as a wave; "the boats surged" [syn: scend, surge]
    5: see one's performance improve; "He levelled the score and
       then surged ahead"

The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (19 January 2023):

SURGE

   Sorter, Updater, Report Generator, Etc.  IBM 704, 1959.
   Sammet 1969, p.8.