The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

madras \ma*dras"\, n. [So named after Madras, a city and
   presidency of India.]
   1. A large silk-and-cotton kerchief, usually of bright
      colors, such as those often used by negroes for turbans.

            A black woman in blue cotton gown, red-and-yellow
            madras turban . . . crouched against the wall. --G.
                                                  W. Cable.
      [Webster 1913 Suppl.]

   2. A light patterned cotton fabric.
      [WordNet 1.5]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

Madras
    n 1: a state in southeastern India on the Bay of Bengal (south
         of Andhra Pradesh); formerly Madras [syn: Tamil Nadu,
         Madras]
    2: a city in Tamil Nadu on the Bay of Bengal; formerly Madras
       [syn: Chennai, Madras]
    3: a light patterned cotton cloth