The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Strip \Strip\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stripped; p. pr. & vb. n.
   Stripping.] [OE. stripen, strepen, AS. str?pan in bestr?pan
   to plunder; akin to D. stroopen, MHG. stroufen, G. streifen.]
   1. To deprive; to bereave; to make destitute; to plunder;
      especially, to deprive of a covering; to skin; to peel;
      as, to strip a man of his possession, his rights, his
      privileges, his reputation; to strip one of his clothes;
      to strip a beast of his skin; to strip a tree of its bark.
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            And strippen her out of her rude array. --Chaucer.
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            They stripped Joseph out of his coat. --Gen. xxxvii.
                                                  23.
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            Opinions which . . . no clergyman could have avowed
            without imminent risk of being stripped of his gown.
                                                  --Macaulay.
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   2. To divest of clothing; to uncover.
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            Before the folk herself strippeth she. --Chaucer.
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            Strip your sword stark naked.         --Shak.
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   3. (Naut.) To dismantle; as, to strip a ship of rigging,
      spars, etc.
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   4. (Agric.) To pare off the surface of, as land, in strips.
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   5. To deprive of all milk; to milk dry; to draw the last milk
      from; hence, to milk with a peculiar movement of the hand
      on the teats at the last of a milking; as, to strip a cow.
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   6. To pass; to get clear of; to outstrip. [Obs.]
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            When first they stripped the Malean promontory.
                                                  --Chapman.
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            Before he reached it he was out of breath,
            And then the other stripped him.      --Beau. & Fl.
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   7. To pull or tear off, as a covering; to remove; to wrest
      away; as, to strip the skin from a beast; to strip the
      bark from a tree; to strip the clothes from a man's back;
      to strip away all disguisses.
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            To strip bad habits from a corrupted heart, is
            stripping off the skin.               --Gilpin.
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   8. (Mach.)
      (a) To tear off (the thread) from a bolt or nut; as, the
          thread is stripped.
      (b) To tear off the thread from (a bolt or nut); as, the
          bolt is stripped.
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   9. To remove the metal coating from (a plated article), as by
      acids or electrolytic action.
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   10. (Carding) To remove fiber, flock, or lint from; -- said
       of the teeth of a card when it becomes partly clogged.
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   11. To pick the cured leaves from the stalks of (tobacco) and
       tie them into "hands"; to remove the midrib from (tobacco
       leaves).
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WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

stripped
    adj 1: having only essential or minimal features; "a stripped
           new car"; "a stripped-down budget" [syn: stripped,
           stripped-down]
    2: having everything extraneous removed including contents; "the
       bare walls"; "the cupboard was bare" [syn: bare,
       stripped]
    3: with clothing stripped off