The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Symploce \Sym"plo*ce\, n. [L., fr. Gr. ? an interweaving, fr. ?
   to twine together; ? + ? to twine.] (Rhet.)
   The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning and
   another at the end of successive clauses; as, Justice came
   down from heaven to view the earth; Justice returned to
   heaven, and left the earth.
   [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

symploce
    n 1: repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning and another
         at the end of successive clauses, i.e., simultaneous use of
         anaphora and epistrophe