1.
[syn: Slovenia, Republic of Slovenia, Slovenija]
WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):
Slovenia
n 1: a mountainous republic in central Europe; formerly part of
the Habsburg monarchy and Yugoslavia; achieved independence
in 1991 [syn: Slovenia, Republic of Slovenia,
Slovenija]
CIA World Factbook 2002:
Slovenia
Introduction Slovenia
---------------------
Background: The Slovene lands were part of the
Holy Roman Empire and Austria until
1918 when the Slovenes joined the
Serbs and Croats in forming a new
nation, renamed Yugoslavia in 1929.
After World War II, Slovenia became
a republic of the renewed
Yugoslavia, which though Communist,
distanced itself from Moscow's rule.
Dissatisfied with the exercise of
power of the majority Serbs, the
Slovenes succeeded in establishing
their independence in 1991.
Historical ties to Western Europe, a
strong economy, and a stable
democracy make Slovenia a leading
candidate for future membership in
the EU and NATO.
Geography Slovenia
------------------
Location: Central Europe, eastern Alps
bordering the Adriatic Sea, between
Austria and Croatia
Geographic coordinates: 46 07 N, 14 49 E
Map references: Europe
Area: total: 20,273 sq km
water: 122 sq km
land: 20,151 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly smaller than New Jersey
Land boundaries: total: 1,334 km
border countries: Austria 330 km,
Croatia 670 km, Italy 232 km,
Hungary 102 km
Coastline: 46.6 km
Maritime claims: NA
Climate: Mediterranean climate on the coast,
continental climate with mild to hot
summers and cold winters in the
plateaus and valleys to the east
Terrain: a short coastal strip on the
Adriatic, an alpine mountain region
adjacent to Italy and Austria, mixed
mountain and valleys with numerous
rivers to the east
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
highest point: Triglav 2,864 m
Natural resources: lignite coal, lead, zinc, mercury,
uranium, silver, hydropower, forests
Land use: arable land: 11.48%
permanent crops: 2.68%
other: 85.83% (1998 est.)
Irrigated land: 20 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards: flooding and earthquakes
Environment - current issues: Sava River polluted with domestic
and industrial waste; pollution of
coastal waters with heavy metals and
toxic chemicals; forest damage near
Koper from air pollution
(originating at metallurgical and
chemical plants) and resulting acid
rain
Environment - international party to: Air Pollution, Air
agreements: Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous
Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,
Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air
Pollution-Persistent Organic
Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol
Geography - note: despite its small size, this eastern
Alpine country controls some of
Europe's major transit routes
People Slovenia
---------------
Population: 1,932,917 (July 2002 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 15.7% (male 155,989;
female 147,707)
15-64 years: 69.8% (male 684,354;
female 663,884)
65 years and over: 14.5% (male
103,790; female 177,193) (2002 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.14% (2002 est.)
Birth rate: 9.27 births/1,000 population (2002
est.)
Death rate: 10.07 deaths/1,000 population (2002
est.)
Net migration rate: 2.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population
(2002 est.)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.59 male(s)/
female
total population: 0.96 male(s)/
female (2002 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 4.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2002
est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 75.29 years
female: 79.37 years (2002 est.)
male: 71.42 years
Total fertility rate: 1.28 children born/woman (2002 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.02% (1999 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ 200 (1999 est.)
AIDS:
HIV/AIDS - deaths: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Nationality: noun: Slovene(s)
adjective: Slovenian
Ethnic groups: Slovene 88%, Croat 3%, Serb 2%,
Bosniak 1%, Yugoslav 0.6%, Hungarian
0.4%, other 5% (1991)
Religions: Roman Catholic (Uniate 2%) 70.8%,
Lutheran 1%, Muslim 1%, atheist
4.3%, other 22.9%
Languages: Slovenian 91%, Serbo-Croatian 6%,
other 3%
Literacy: definition: NA
total population: 99%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Government Slovenia
-------------------
Country name: conventional long form: Republic of
Slovenia
conventional short form: Slovenia
local short form: Slovenija
local long form: Republika Slovenija
Government type: parliamentary democratic republic
Capital: Ljubljana
Administrative divisions: 136 municipalities (obcine, singular
- obcina) and 11 urban
municipalities* (mestne obcine ,
singular - mestna obcina )
Ajdovscina, Beltinci, Bled, Bohinj,
Borovnica, Bovec, Brda, Brezice,
Brezovica, Cankova-Tisina, Celje*,
Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica,
Cerkno, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem,
Crnomelj, Destrnik-Trnovska Vas,
Divaca, Dobrepolje, Dobrova-Horjul-
Polhov Gradec, Dol pri Ljubljani,
Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek,
Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica,
Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji
Petrovci, Grosuplje, Hodos Salovci,
Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija,
Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna
Gorica, Izola, Jesenice, Jursinci,
Kamnik, Kanal, Kidricevo, Kobarid,
Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Koper*,
Kozje, Kranj*, Kranjska Gora, Krsko,
Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart,
Lendava, Litija, Ljubljana*, Ljubno,
Ljutomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina,
Loski Potok, Luce, Lukovica,
Majsperk, Maribor*, Medvode, Menges,
Metlika, Mezica, Miren-Kostanjevica,
Mislinja, Moravce, Moravske Toplice,
Mozirje, Murska Sobota*, Muta,
Naklo, Nazarje, Nova Gorica*, Novo
Mesto*, Odranci, Ormoz, Osilnica,
Pesnica, Piran, Pivka, Podcetrtek,
Podvelka-Ribnica, Postojna,
Preddvor, Ptuj*, Puconci, Race-Fram,
Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi,
Radovljica, Ravne-Prevalje, Ribnica,
Rogasevci, Rogaska Slatina, Rogatec,
Ruse, Semic, Sencur, Sentilj,
Sentjernej, Sentjur pri Celju,
Sevnica, Sezana, Skocjan, Skofja
Loka, Skofljica, Slovenj Gradec*,
Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske
Konjice, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smartno
ob Paki, Sostanj, Starse, Store,
Sveti Jurij, Tolmin, Trbovlje,
Trebnje, Trzic, Turnisce, Velenje*,
Velike Lasce, Videm, Vipava,
Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vrhnika,
Vuzenica, Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec,
Zavrc, Zelezniki, Ziri, Zrece
note: there may be 45 more
municipalities
Independence: 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
National holiday: Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25
June (1991)
Constitution: adopted 23 December 1991, effective
23 December 1991
Legal system: based on civil law system
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal (16 years
of age, if employed)
Executive branch: chief of state: President Milan
KUCAN (since 22 April 1990)
head of government: Prime Minister
Janez DRNOVSEK (since 15 October
2000)
cabinet: Council of Ministers
nominated by the prime minister and
elected by the National Assembly
election results: Milan KUCAN
elected president; percent of vote -
Milan KUCAN 56.3%, Janez PODOBNIK
18%; Janez DRNOVSEK elected prime
minister; percent of National
Assembly vote - NA%
elections: president elected by
popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 24 November 1997
(next to be held in the fall of
2002); following National Assembly
elections, the leader of the
majority party or the leader of a
majority coalition is usually
nominated to become prime minister
by the president and elected by the
National Assembly; election last
held 15 October 2000 (next to be
held NA October 2004)
Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly or
Drzavni Zbor (90 seats, 40 are
directly elected and 50 are selected
on a proportional basis; note - the
numbers of directly elected and
proportionally elected seats varies
with each election; members are
elected by popular vote to serve
four-year terms)
election results: percent of vote by
party - LDS 36%, SDS 16%, ZLSD 12%,
SLS/SKD 10%, NSi 9%, SMS 4%, SNS 4%,
DeSUS 5%, other 4%; seats by party -
LDS 34, SDS 14, ZLDS 11, SLS/SKD 9,
NSi 8, SMS 4, SNS 4, DeSUS 4, other
2
note: the National Council or
Drzavni Svet is an advisory body
with limited legislative powers; it
may propose laws and ask to review
any National Assembly decisions; in
the election of November 1997, 40
members were elected to represent
local, professional, and
socioeconomic interests (next
election to be held in the fall of
2002)
elections: National Assembly - last
held 15 October 2000 (next to be
held NA October 2004)
Judicial branch: Supreme Court (judges are elected by
the National Assembly on the
recommendation of the Judicial
Council); Constitutional Court
(judges elected for nine-year terms
by the National Assembly and
nominated by the president)
Political parties and leaders: Democratic Party of Retired
(Persons) of Slovenia or DeSUS
[Janko KUSAR]; Liberal Democratic or
LDS [Janez DRNOVSEK, chairman]; New
Slovenia or NSi [Andrej BAJUK,
chairman]; Slovene National Party or
SNS [Zmago JELINCIC, chairman];
Slovene People's Party or SLS
(Slovenian People's Party or SLS and
Slovenian Christian Democrats or SKD
merged in April 2000) [Franc
ZAGOZEN, chairman]; Slovene Youth
Party or SMS [Peter LEVIC]; Social
Democratic Party of Slovenia or SDS
[Janez JANSA, chairman]; United List
of Social Democrats (former
Communists and allies) or ZLSD
[Borut PAHOR, chairman]
Political pressure groups and NA
leaders:
International organization ABEDA, ACCT (observer), BIS, CCC,
participation: CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EU
(applicant), FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD,
ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS,
ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM,
ISO, ITU, NAM (guest), NSG, OPCW,
OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNIDO, UNMIK, UNTSO, UPU, WEU
(associate partner), WHO, WIPO, WMO,
WToO, WTrO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Davorin
KRACUN
FAX: [1] (202) 667-4563
consulate(s) general: New York and
Cleveland
telephone: [1] (202) 667-5363
chancery: 1525 New Hampshire Avenue
NW, Washington, DC 20036
Diplomatic representation from the chief of mission: Ambassador Johnny
US: YOUNG
embassy: Presernova 31, SI-1000
Ljubljana
mailing address: P. O. Box 254,
Presernova 31, 1000 Ljubljana;
American Embassy Ljubljana,
Department of State, Washington, DC
20521-7140
telephone: [386] (1) 200-5500
FAX: [386] (1) 200-5555
Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of
white (top), blue, and red, with the
Slovenian seal (a shield with the
image of Triglav, Slovenia's highest
peak, in white against a blue
background at the center; beneath it
are two wavy blue lines depicting
seas and rivers, and above it are
three six-pointed stars arranged in
an inverted triangle which are taken
from the coat of arms of the Counts
of Celje, the great Slovene dynastic
house of the late 14th and early
15th centuries); the seal is located
in the upper hoist side of the flag
centered in the white and blue bands
Economy Slovenia
----------------
Economy - overview: Although Slovenia enjoys a GDP per
capita substantially higher than
that of the other transitioning
economies of Central Europe, it
needs to speed up the privatization
process and the dismantling of
restrictions on foreign investment.
About 45% of the economy remains in
state hands, and the level of
foreign direct investment inflows as
a percent of GDP is the lowest in
the region. Despite the global
slowdown in 2001, the economy turned
in an excellent record on exports,
which grew 5%. Inflation dropped
slightly but at 8.4% remains a
matter of concern.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $31
billion (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 4% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $16,000
(2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 4%
industry: 35%
services: 61% (2001 est.)
Population below poverty line: NA%
Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: 3.9%
percentage share: highest 10%: 23% (1998)
Distribution of family income - Gini 28.4 (1998)
index:
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 8.4% (2001 est.)
Labor force: 857,400
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture NA%, industry NA%,
services NA%
Unemployment rate: 11.5% (2001 est.)
Budget: revenues: $8.11 billion
expenditures: $8.32 billion,
including capital expenditures of
$NA (1997 est.)
Industries: ferrous metallurgy and rolling mill
products, aluminum reduction and
rolled products, lead and zinc
smelting, electronics (including
military electronics), trucks,
electric power equipment, wood
products, textiles, chemicals,
machine tools
Industrial production growth rate: 3.3% (2001)
Electricity - production: 12.816 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 34.93%
hydro: 29.42%
other: 0.23% (2000)
nuclear: 35.42%
Electricity - consumption: 10.619 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports: 2 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports: 700 million kWh (2000)
Agriculture - products: potatoes, hops, wheat, sugar beets,
corn, grapes; cattle, sheep, poultry
Exports: $9.2 billion (f.o.b., 2001)
Exports - commodities: manufactured goods, machinery and
transport equipment, chemicals, food
Exports - partners: Germany 27.2%, Italy 13.6%, Croatia
7.9%, Austria 7.5%, France 7.1%
(2000)
Imports: $9.9 billion (f.o.b., 2001)
Imports - commodities: machinery and transport equipment,
manufactured goods, chemicals, fuels
and lubricants, food
Imports - partners: Germany 19.0%, Italy 17.4%, France
10.3%, Austria 8.2%, Croatia 4.4%,
Hungary, Russia (2000)
Debt - external: $6.6 billion (2001)
Economic aid - recipient: ODA, $5 million (1993)
Currency: tolar (SIT)
Currency code: SIT
Exchange rates: tolars per US dollar - 251.40
(January 2002), 242.75 (2001),
222.66 (2000), 181.77 (1999), 166.13
(1998), 159.69 (1997)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications Slovenia
-----------------------
Telephones - main lines in use: 722,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular: 1 million (2000)
Telephone system: general assessment: NA
domestic: 100% digital (2000)
international: NA
Radio broadcast stations: AM 17, FM 160, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios: 805,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations: 48 (2001)
Televisions: 710,000 (1997)
Internet country code: .si
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 11 (2000)
Internet users: 600,000 (2001)
Transportation Slovenia
-----------------------
Railways: total: 1,201 km
standard gauge: 1,201 km 1.435-
m gauge (489 km electrified) (2001)
Highways: total: 19,586 km
paved: 17,745 km (including 249 km
of expressways)
unpaved: 1,841 km (1998 est.)
Waterways: NA
Pipelines: crude oil 290 km; natural gas 305 km
Ports and harbors: Izola, Koper, Piran
Airports: 14 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 6
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 1 (2001)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 4 (2001)
Military Slovenia
-----------------
Military branches: Slovenian Army (includes Air and
Naval Forces)
Military manpower - military age: 19 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 521,881 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military males age 15-49: 414,878 (2002 est.)
service:
Military manpower - reaching males: 14,513 (2002 est.)
military age annually:
Military expenditures - dollar $370 million (FY00)
figure:
Military expenditures - percent of 1.7% (FY00)
GDP:
Transnational Issues Slovenia
-----------------------------
Disputes - international: Slovenia and Croatia have not
obtained parliamentary ratification
of 2001 land and marine boundary
treaty, which cedes villages on the
Dragonja River and Sveta Gera
(Trdinov Peak) to Croatia, and most
of Pirin Bay to Slovenia but
restricts Slovenian access to the
open sea; Austria has minor dispute
with Slovenia over nuclear power
plants and post-World War II
treatment of German-speaking
minorities
Illicit drugs: minor transit point for cocaine and
Southwest Asian heroin bound for
Western Europe, and for precursor
chemicals