The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Condition \Con*di"tion\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Conditioned; p.
   pr. & vb. n. Conditioning.]
   1. To make terms; to stipulate.
      [1913 Webster]

            Pay me back my credit,
            And I'll condition with ye.           --Beau. & Fl.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. (Metaph.) To impose upon an object those relations or
      conditions without which knowledge and thought are alleged
      to be impossible.
      [1913 Webster]

            To think of a thing is to condition.  --Sir W.
                                                  Hamilton.
      [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

conditioning \conditioning\ n.
   a learning process in which an organism's behavior becomes
   dependent on the occurrence of a stimulus in its environment.
   See conditioned response.
   [WordNet 1.5]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

conditioning
    n 1: a learning process in which an organism's behavior becomes
         dependent on the occurrence of a stimulus in its
         environment

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

106 Moby Thesaurus words for "conditioning":
   Pavlovian conditioning, absorption and regurgitation, acclimation,
   acclimatization, accommodation, accustoming, adaptation, adaption,
   addictive, adjustment, apprenticeship, automatic writing,
   automatism, basic training, behavior, blind impulse, brainwashing,
   breaking, breaking-in, breeding, case hardening, catechization,
   compulsiveness, conditioned response, cultivation, development,
   dictation, discipline, domestication, drill, drilling, echolalia,
   echopraxia, enablement, equipment, exercise, familiarization,
   fetching-up, fit, fitting, fostering, furnishing, grooming,
   habit-forming, habituating, habituation, hard, hardening,
   housebreaking, imbuement, implantation, impregnation, impression,
   improvement, impulse, in-service training, inculcation,
   indoctrination, infixation, infixion, infusion, inoculation,
   instillation, instillment, instinct, instinctiveness,
   instrumental conditioning, inurement, involuntariness,
   manual training, military training, naturalization,
   negative reinforcement, nurture, nurturing, on-the-job training,
   operant conditioning, orientation, physiologically addictive,
   positive reinforcement, practice, preparation, psychagogy,
   psychologically addictive, qualification, raising, readying,
   rearing, reeducation, reflex, reflex action, rehearsal,
   reindoctrination, reinforcement, reorientation, seasoning,
   sheer chemistry, sloyd, taming, training, tuning,
   unconditioned reflex, unwilledness, upbringing,
   vocational education, vocational training