1.
[syn: Bolivia, Republic of Bolivia]
2. a form of canasta in which sequences can be melded;
WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):
Bolivia
n 1: a landlocked republic in central South America; Simon
Bolivar founded Bolivia in 1825 after winning independence
from Spain [syn: Bolivia, Republic of Bolivia]
2: a form of canasta in which sequences can be melded
CIA World Factbook 2002:
Bolivia
Introduction Bolivia
--------------------
Background: Bolivia, named after independence
fighter Simon BOLIVAR, broke away
from Spanish rule in 1825; much of
its subsequent history has consisted
of a series of nearly 200 coups and
counter-coups. Comparatively
democratic civilian rule was
established in the 1980s, but
leaders have faced difficult
problems of deep-seated poverty,
social unrest, and drug production.
Current goals include attracting
foreign investment, strengthening
the educational system, continuing
the privatization program, and
waging an anticorruption campaign.
Geography Bolivia
-----------------
Location: Central South America, southwest of
Brazil
Geographic coordinates: 17 00 S, 65 00 W
Map references: South America
Area: total: 1,098,580 sq km
water: 14,190 sq km
land: 1,084,390 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly less than three times the
size of Montana
Land boundaries: total: 6,743 km
border countries: Argentina 832 km,
Brazil 3,400 km, Chile 861 km,
Paraguay 750 km, Peru 900 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
Climate: varies with altitude; humid and
tropical to cold and semiarid
Terrain: rugged Andes Mountains with a
highland plateau (Altiplano), hills,
lowland plains of the Amazon Basin
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Rio Paraguay 90 m
highest point: Nevado Sajama 6,542 m
Natural resources: tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc,
tungsten, antimony, silver, iron,
lead, gold, timber, hydropower
Land use: arable land: 1.73%
permanent crops: 0.21%
other: 98.06% (1998 est.)
Irrigated land: 1,280 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards: flooding in the northeast (March-
April)
Environment - current issues: the clearing of land for
agricultural purposes and the
international demand for tropical
timber are contributing to
deforestation; soil erosion from
overgrazing and poor cultivation
methods (including slash-and-burn
agriculture); desertification; loss
of biodiversity; industrial
pollution of water supplies used for
drinking and irrigation
Environment - international party to: Biodiversity, Climate
agreements: Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous
Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test
Ban, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber
83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified:
Environmental Modification, Marine
Dumping, Marine Life Conservation,
Ozone Layer Protection
Geography - note: landlocked; shares control of Lago
Titicaca, world's highest navigable
lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru
People Bolivia
--------------
Population: 8,445,134 (July 2002 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 37.8% (male 1,626,596;
female 1,565,124)
15-64 years: 57.7% (male 2,383,852;
female 2,491,823)
65 years and over: 4.5% (male
169,583; female 208,156) (2002 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.69% (2002 est.)
Birth rate: 26.41 births/1,000 population (2002
est.)
Death rate: 8.05 deaths/1,000 population (2002
est.)
Net migration rate: -1.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population
(2002 est.)
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/
female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/
female (2002 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 57.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2002
est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 64.42 years
female: 67.1 years (2002 est.)
male: 61.86 years
Total fertility rate: 3.37 children born/woman (2002 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.1% (1999 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/ 4,200 (1999 est.)
AIDS:
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 380 (1999 est.)
Nationality: noun: Bolivian(s)
adjective: Bolivian
Ethnic groups: Quechua 30%, mestizo (mixed white
and Amerindian ancestry) 30%, Aymara
25%, white 15%
Religions: Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant
(Evangelical Methodist)
Languages: Spanish (official), Quechua
(official), Aymara (official)
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read
and write
total population: 83.1%
male: 90.5%
female: 76% (1995 est.)
Government Bolivia
------------------
Country name: conventional long form: Republic of
Bolivia
conventional short form: Bolivia
local long form: Republica de
Bolivia
local short form: Bolivia
Government type: republic
Capital: La Paz (seat of government); Sucre
(legal capital and seat of
judiciary)
Administrative divisions: 9 departments (departamentos,
singular - departamento);
Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Beni, La
Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi, Santa
Cruz, Tarija
Independence: 6 August 1825 (from Spain)
National holiday: Independence Day, 6 August (1825)
Constitution: 2 February 1967; revised in August
1994
Legal system: based on Spanish law and Napoleonic
Code; has not accepted compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 18 years of age, universal and
compulsory (married); 21 years of
age, universal and compulsory
(single)
Executive branch: chief of state: President Jorge
Fernando QUIROGA Ramirez (since 7
August 2001); Vice President NA;
note - the president is both the
chief of state and head of
government
note: Vice President Jorge Fernando
QUIROGA Ramirez assumed the
presidency upon the resignation in
August 2001 of former President Hugo
BANZER Suarez for health reasons
head of government: President Jorge
Fernando QUIROGA Ramirez (since 7
August 2001); Vice President NA;
note - the president is both the
chief of state and head of
government
note: Vice President Jorge Fernando
QUIROGA Ramirez assumed the
presidency upon the resignation in
August 2001 of former President Hugo
BANZER Suarez for health reasons
elections: president and vice
president elected on the same ticket
by popular vote for five-year terms;
election last held 1 June 1997 (next
to be held 30 June 2002)
election results: Hugo BANZER Suarez
elected president; percent of vote -
Hugo BANZER Suarez (ADN) 22%; Jaime
PAZ Zamora (MIR) 17%, Juan Carlos
DURAN (MNR) 18%, Ivo KULJIS (UCS)
16%, Remedios LOZA (CONDEPA) 17%; no
candidate received a majority of the
popular vote; Hugo BANZER Suarez won
a congressional runoff election on 5
August 1997 after forming a
"megacoalition" with MIR, UCS,
CONDEPA, NFR, and former Christian
Democratic Party (PDC); resigned 7
August 2001 and was succeeded by
Vice President Jorge Fernando
QUIROGA Ramirez who is serving out
BANZER's term; QUIROGA will step
down in August 2002 when the new
president is chosen by Congress, a
result of no candidate winning a
majority in the 30 June 2002
election
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the
president
Legislative branch: bicameral National Congress or
Congreso Nacional consists of
Chamber of Senators or Camara de
Senadores (27 seats; members are
directly elected by popular vote to
serve five-year terms) and Chamber
of Deputies or Camara de Diputados
(130 seats; members are directly
elected by popular vote to serve
five-year terms; note - some members
are drawn from party lists, thus not
directly elected)
election results: Chamber of
Senators - percent of vote by party
- NA%; seats by party - ADN 11, MIR
7, MNR 4, CONDEPA 3, UCS 2; Chamber
of Deputies - percent of vote by
party - NA%; seats by party - MNR
26, MIR 24, ADN 20, UCS 20, CONDEPA
19, NFR 11, MBL 5, IU 4, FSB 1
elections: Chamber of Senators and
Chamber of Deputies - last held 1
June 1997 (next to be held NA June
2002)
Judicial branch: Supreme Court or Corte Suprema
(judges appointed for 10-year terms
by National Congress); District
Courts (one in each department);
provincial and local courts (to try
minor cases)
Political parties and leaders: Bolivian Socialist Falange or FSB
[Otto RICHTER]; Civic Solidarity
Union or UCS [Johnny FERNANDEZ];
Conscience of the Fatherland or
CONDEPA [Remedios LOZA Alvarado];
Free Bolivia Movement or MBL [Franz
BARRIOS]; Movement of the
Revolutionary Left or MIR [Jaime PAZ
Zamora]; Nationalist Democratic
Action or ADN [Jorge Fernando
QUIROGA Ramirez]; Nationalist
Revolutionary Movement or MNR
[Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA]; New
Republican Force or NFR [Manfred
REYES-VILLA]; United Left or IU
[Marcos DOMIC]
note: the ADN, MIR, and UCS comprise
the ruling coalition
Political pressure groups and Cocalero Groups; indigenous
leaders: organizations; labor unions; Sole
Confederation of Campesino Workers
of Bolivia or CSUTCB [Felipe QUISPE]
International organization CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA,
participation: IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC,
IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC,
IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES,
LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MONUC,
NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN,
UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO,
UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO,
WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Marlene
FERNANDEZ del Granado
FAX: [1] (202) 328-3712
consulate(s) general: Miami, New
York, and San Francisco
telephone: [1] (202) 483-4410
chancery: 3014 Massachusetts Avenue
NW, Washington, DC 20008
Diplomatic representation from the chief of mission: Ambassador V.
US: Manuel ROCHA
embassy: Avenida Arce 2780, San
Jorge, La Paz
mailing address: P. O. Box 425, La
Paz; APO AA 34032
telephone: [591] 243-3812
FAX: [591] (2) 433854
Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of red
(top), yellow, and green with the
coat of arms centered on the yellow
band; similar to the flag of Ghana,
which has a large black five-pointed
star centered in the yellow band
Economy Bolivia
---------------
Economy - overview: Bolivia, long one of the poorest and
least developed Latin American
countries, has made considerable
progress toward the development of a
market-oriented economy. Successes
under President SANCHEZ DE LOZADA
(1993-97) included the signing of a
free trade agreement with Mexico and
becoming an associate member of the
Southern Cone Common Market
(Mercosur), as well as the
privatization of the state airline,
telephone company, railroad,
electric power company, and oil
company. Growth slowed in 1999, in
part due to tight government budget
policies, which limited needed
appropriations for anti-poverty
programs, and the fallout from the
Asian financial crisis. In 2000,
major civil disturbances in April,
and again in September and October,
held down overall growth to 2.5%.
Bolivia's GDP failed to grow in 2001
due to the global slowdown and
laggard domestic activity. Growth is
expected to pick up in 2002, but the
fiscal deficit and debt burden will
remain high.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $21.4
billion (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 0% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $2,600
(2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 14%
industry: 31%
services: 55% (2000 est.)
Population below poverty line: 70% (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by lowest 10%: 0.5%
percentage share: highest 10%: 45.7% (1997)
Distribution of family income - Gini 58.9 (1997)
index:
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2% (2001 est.)
Labor force: 2.5 million
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture NA%, industry NA%,
services NA%
Unemployment rate: 7.6% (2000)
note: widespread underemployment
Budget: revenues: $4 billion
expenditures: $4 billion, including
capital expenditures of $NA (2002
est.)
Industries: mining, smelting, petroleum, food
and beverages, tobacco, handicrafts,
clothing
Industrial production growth rate: 3.9% (1998)
Electricity - production: 3.87 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 48.37%
hydro: 50.13%
other: 1.5% (2000)
nuclear: 0%
Electricity - consumption: 3.605 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports: 5 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports: 11 million kWh (2000)
Agriculture - products: soybeans, coffee, coca, cotton,
corn, sugarcane, rice, potatoes;
timber
Exports: $1.2 billion (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities: soybeans, natural gas, zinc, gold,
wood
Exports - partners: US 32%, Colombia 18%, UK 15%, Brazil
15%, Peru 6% (2000)
Imports: $1.5 billion (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities: capital goods, raw materials and
semi-manufactures, chemicals,
petroleum, food
Imports - partners: US 24%, Argentina 17%, Brazil 15%,
Chile 9%, Peru 5 (2000)
Debt - external: $5.8 billion (2001 est.)
Economic aid - recipient: $588 million (1997)
Currency: boliviano (BOB)
Currency code: BOB
Exchange rates: bolivianos per US dollar - 6.8613
(January 2002), 6.6069 (2001),
6.1835 (2000), 5.8124 (1999), 5.5101
(1998), 5.2543 (1997)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications Bolivia
----------------------
Telephones - main lines in use: 327,600 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular: 116,000 (1997)
Telephone system: general assessment: new subscribers
face bureaucratic difficulties; most
telephones are concentrated in La
Paz and other cities; mobile
cellular telephone use expanding
rapidly
domestic: primary trunk system,
which is being expanded, employs
digital microwave radio relay; some
areas are served by fiber-optic
cable; mobile cellular systems are
being expanded
international: satellite earth
station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic
Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 171, FM 73, shortwave 77 (1999)
Radios: 5.25 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations: 48 (1997)
Televisions: 900,000 (1997)
Internet country code: .bo
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 9 (2000)
Internet users: 78,000 (2000)
Transportation Bolivia
----------------------
Railways: total: 3,691 km
narrow gauge: 3,652 km 1.000-
m gauge; 39 km 0.760-m gauge (13 km
electrified) (1995 est.)
Highways: total: 49,400 km
paved: 2,500 km (including 30 km of
expressways)
unpaved: 46,900 km (1996)
Waterways: 10,000 km (commercially navigable)
Pipelines: crude oil 1,800 km; petroleum
products 580 km; natural gas 1,495
km
Ports and harbors: Puerto Aguirre (on the Paraguay/
Parana waterway, at the Bolivia/
Brazil border); also, Bolivia has
free port privileges in maritime
ports in Argentina, Brazil, Chile,
and Paraguay
Merchant marine: total: 36 ships (1,000 GRT or over)
totaling 196,399 GRT/320,137 DWT
ships by type: bulk 3, cargo 15,
chemical tanker 2, container 1,
petroleum tanker 13, roll on/roll
off 2
note: includes some foreign-owned
ships registered here as a flag of
Belize 2, China 2, Cuba 1, Cyprus 1,
Egypt 1, Honduras 1, Latvia 2,
Liberia 2, Panama 1, Saint Vincent
and the Grenadines 1, Saudi Arabia
1, Singapore 1, South Korea 3,
Switzerland 1, Ukraine 1, United
Arab Emirates 5, United States 1
(2002 est.)
Airports: 1,109 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways: total: 13
over 3,047 m: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2001)
Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 1,096
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 65
914 to 1,523 m: 236
under 914 m: 790 (2001)
Military Bolivia
----------------
Military branches: Army (Ejercito Boliviano), Navy
(Fuerza Naval, includes Marines),
Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Boliviana),
National Police Force (Policia
Nacional de Bolivia)
Military manpower - military age: 19 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 2,062,321 (2002
est.)
Military manpower - fit for military males age 15-49: 1,343,755 (2002
service: est.)
Military manpower - reaching males: 90,120 (2002 est.)
military age annually:
Military expenditures - dollar $147 million (FY99)
figure:
Military expenditures - percent of 1.8% (FY99)
GDP:
Transnational Issues Bolivia
----------------------------
Disputes - international: continues to demand a sovereign
corridor to the South Pacific Ocean
since the Atacama region was lost to
Chile in 1884
Illicit drugs: world's third-largest cultivator of
coca (after Colombia and Peru) with
an estimated 19,900 hectares under
cultivation in July 2001, stable
from July 2000 levels; intermediate
coca products and cocaine exported
to or through Colombia, Brazil,
Argentina, and Chile to the US and
other international drug markets;
eradication and alternative crop
programs under the QUIROGA
administration has kept pace with
farmers' attempts to increase
cultivation after significant
reductions in 1998 and 1999
U.S. Gazetteer Places (2000):
Bolivia, NC -- U.S. town in North Carolina
Population (2000): 148
Housing Units (2000): 77
Land area (2000): 0.658647 sq. miles (1.705888 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 0.658647 sq. miles (1.705888 sq. km)
FIPS code: 06820
Located within: North Carolina (NC), FIPS 37
Location: 34.069119 N, 78.147755 W
ZIP Codes (1990): 28422
Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs.
Headwords:
Bolivia, NC
Bolivia