The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (30 December 2018):

content addressable memory
associative memory

    (CAM, or "associative memory") A kind of
   storage device which includes comparison logic with each bit
   of storage.  A data value is broadcast to all words of storage
   and compared with the values there.  Words which match are flagged
   in some way.  Subsequent operations can then work on flagged
   words, e.g. read them out one at a time or write to certain bit
   positions in all of them.  A CAM can thus operate as a data
   parallel (SIMD) processor.

   CAMs are often used in caches and memory management units.

   (1995-02-16)