The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Super- \Su"per-\ [L. super over, above; akin to Gr. ?, L. sub
   under, and E. over. See Over, and cf. Hyper-, Sub-,
   Supra-, Sur-.]
   1. A prefix signifying above, over, beyond, and hence often
      denoting in a superior position, in excess, over and
      above, in addition, exceedingly; as in superimpose,
      supersede, supernatural, superabundance.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. (Chem.) A prefix formerly much used to denote that the
      ingredient to the name of which it was prefixed was
      present in a large, or unusually large, proportion as
      compared with the other ingredients; as in calcium
      superphosphate. It has been superseded by per-, bi-, di-,
      acid, etc. (as peroxide, bicarbonate, disulphide, and acid
      sulphate), which retain the old meanings of super-, but
      with sharper definition. Cf. Acid, a., Bi-, Di-, and
      Per-.
      [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Super \Su"per\, n.
   A contraction of Supernumerary, in sense 2. [Theatrical
   Cant]
   [1913 Webster]

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

133 Moby Thesaurus words for "super":
   Big Brother, a cut above, above, ahead, ascendant, auditor, better,
   bit player, boatswain, boss, capping, chief, chosen, comptroller,
   controller, cool, crown, damned, distinguished, divine, duodecimo,
   eclipsing, eighteenmo, eminent, exceeding, exceedingly, excellent,
   excelling, exceptionally, excessively, exquisite, extra, extremely,
   figurant, figurante, finer, floor manager, floorman, floorwalker,
   folio, foreman, gaffer, ganger, gilt-edged, glorious, golden,
   greater, groovy, head, headman, heavenly, higher, highly, hot,
   hugely, immense, immensely, imperial, in ascendancy,
   in the ascendant, inordinately, inspector, keen, magnificent,
   major, marked, marvelous, medium, monitor, mute, neat,
   noncommissioned officer, octavo, octodecimo, of choice, one up on,
   outstanding, over, overfull, overly, overman, overmuch, overseer,
   proctor, quarto, rare, rattling, rivaling, royal, sensational,
   sextodecimo, sirdar, sixteenmo, slave driver, spear-carrier,
   splendid, splendiferous, stand-in, standby, sterling, straw boss,
   strikingly, subforeman, substitute, supe, superb, supereminent,
   superexcellent, superfine, superintendent, superior, supernumerary,
   supervisor, support, supporting actor, supporting cast, surpassing,
   surpassingly, surveyor, taskmaster, terrific, too, topping,
   transcending, tremendous, twelvemo, understudy, unduly, upper,
   visitor, walk-on, walking gentleman, wonderful