The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Sparling \Spar"ling\, n. [Akin to G. spierling, spiering, D.
   spiering: cf. F. ['e]perlan.] (Zool.)
   (a) The European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus).
   (b) A young salmon.
   (c) A tern. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
       [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

'Eperlan \['E]`per`lan"\, n. [F. ['e]perlan, fr. G. spierling.
   See Sparling.] (Zo["o]l.)
   The European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus).
   [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

Osmerus eperlanus
    n 1: the common smelt of Europe [syn: sparling, European
         smelt, Osmerus eperlanus]