The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:
Iron \I"ron\ ([imac]"[u^]rn), n. [OE. iren, AS. [imac]ren,
[imac]sen, [imac]sern; akin to D. ijzer, OS. [imac]sarn, OHG.
[imac]sarn, [imac]san, G. eisen, Icel. [imac]sarn, j[=a]rn,
Sw. & Dan. jern, and perh. to E. ice; cf. Ir. iarann, W.
haiarn, Armor. houarn.]
[1913 Webster]
1. (Chem.) The most common and most useful metallic element,
being of almost universal occurrence, usually in the form
of an oxide (as hematite, magnetite, etc.), or a hydrous
oxide (as limonite, turgite, etc.). It is reduced on an
enormous scale in three principal forms; viz., cast
iron, steel, and wrought iron. Iron usually appears
dark brown, from oxidation or impurity, but when pure, or
on a fresh surface, is a gray or white metal. It is easily
oxidized (rusted) by moisture, and is attacked by many
corrosive agents. Symbol Fe (Latin Ferrum). Atomic number
26, atomic weight 55.847. Specific gravity, pure iron,
7.86; cast iron, 7.1. In magnetic properties, it is
superior to all other substances.
[1913 Webster]
Note: The value of iron is largely due to the facility with
which it can be worked. Thus, when heated it is
malleable and ductile, and can be easily welded and
forged at a high temperature. As cast iron, it is
easily fusible; as steel, is very tough, and (when
tempered) very hard and elastic. Chemically, iron is
grouped with cobalt and nickel. Steel is a variety of
iron containing more carbon than wrought iron, but less
that cast iron. It is made either from wrought iron, by
roasting in a packing of carbon (cementation) or from
cast iron, by burning off the impurities in a Bessemer
converter (then called Bessemer steel), or directly
from the iron ore (as in the Siemens rotatory and
generating furnace).
[1913 Webster]
2. An instrument or utensil made of iron; -- chiefly in
composition; as, a flatiron, a smoothing iron, etc.
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My young soldier, put up your iron. --Shak.
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3. pl. Fetters; chains; handcuffs; manacles.
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Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons.
--Macaulay.
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4. Strength; power; firmness; inflexibility; as, to rule with
a rod of iron.
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5. (Golf) An iron-headed club with a deep face, chiefly used
in making approaches, lifting a ball over hazards, etc.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Bar iron. See Wrought iron (below).
Bog iron, bog ore; limonite. See Bog ore, under Bog.
Cast iron (Metal.), an impure variety of iron, containing
from three to six percent of carbon, part of which is
united with a part of the iron, as a carbide, and the rest
is uncombined, as graphite. It there is little free
carbon, the product is white iron; if much of the carbon
has separated as graphite, it is called gray iron. See
also Cast iron, in the Vocabulary.
Fire irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray irons. See under Fire, n.
Gray iron. See Cast iron (above).
It irons (Naut.), said of a sailing vessel, when, in
tacking, she comes up head to the wind and will not fill
away on either tack.
Magnetic iron. See Magnetite.
Malleable iron (Metal.), iron sufficiently pure or soft to
be capable of extension under the hammer; also, specif., a
kind of iron produced by removing a portion of the carbon
or other impurities from cast iron, rendering it less
brittle, and to some extent malleable.
Meteoric iron (Chem.), iron forming a large, and often the
chief, ingredient of meteorites. It invariably contains a
small amount of nickel and cobalt. Cf. Meteorite.
Pig iron, the form in which cast iron is made at the blast
furnace, being run into molds, called pigs.
Reduced iron. See under Reduced.
Specular iron. See Hematite.
Too many irons in the fire, too many objects or tasks
requiring the attention at once.
White iron. See Cast iron (above).
Wrought iron (Metal.), the purest form of iron commonly
known in the arts, containing only about half of one per
cent of carbon. It is made either directly from the ore,
as in the Catalan forge or bloomery, or by purifying
(puddling) cast iron in a reverberatory furnace or
refinery. It is tough, malleable, and ductile. When formed
into bars, it is called bar iron.
[1913 Webster]
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:
Iron \I"ron\ ([imac]"[u^]rn), a. [AS. [imac]ren, [imac]sen. See
Iron, n.]
[1913 Webster]
1. Of, or made of iron; consisting of iron; as, an iron bar,
dust.
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2. Resembling iron in color; as, iron blackness.
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3. Like iron in hardness, strength, impenetrability, power of
endurance, insensibility, etc.; as:
(a) Rude; hard; harsh; severe.
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Iron years of wars and dangers. --Rowe.
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Jove crushed the nations with an iron rod.
--Pope.
(b) Firm; robust; enduring; as, an iron constitution.
(c) Inflexible; unrelenting; as, an iron will.
(d) Not to be broken; holding or binding fast; tenacious.
"Him death's iron sleep oppressed." --Philips.
[1913 Webster]
Note: Iron is often used in composition, denoting made of
iron, relating to iron, of or with iron; producing
iron, etc.; resembling iron, literally or figuratively,
in some of its properties or characteristics; as,
iron-shod, iron-sheathed, iron-fisted, iron-framed,
iron-handed, iron-hearted, iron foundry or
iron-foundry.
[1913 Webster]
Iron age.
(a) (Myth.) The age following the golden, silver, and
bronze ages, and characterized by a general
degeneration of talent and virtue, and of literary
excellence. In Roman literature the Iron Age is
commonly regarded as beginning after the taking of
Rome by the Goths, A. D. 410.
(b) (Arch[ae]ol.) That stage in the development of any
people characterized by the use of iron implements in
the place of the more cumbrous stone and bronze.
Iron cement, a cement for joints, composed of cast-iron
borings or filings, sal ammoniac, etc.
Iron clay (Min.), a yellowish clay containing a large
proportion of an ore of iron.
Iron cross, a German, and before that Prussian, order of
military merit; also, the decoration of the order.
Iron crown, a golden crown set with jewels, belonging
originally to the Lombard kings, and indicating the
dominion of Italy. It was so called from containing a
circle said to have been forged from one of the nails in
the cross of Christ.
Iron flint (Min.), an opaque, flintlike, ferruginous
variety of quartz.
Iron founder, a maker of iron castings.
Iron foundry, the place where iron castings are made.
Iron furnace, a furnace for reducing iron from the ore, or
for melting iron for castings, etc.; a forge; a
reverberatory; a bloomery.
Iron glance (Min.), hematite.
Iron hat, a headpiece of iron or steel, shaped like a hat
with a broad brim, and used as armor during the Middle
Ages.
Iron horse, a locomotive engine. [Colloq.]
Iron liquor, a solution of an iron salt, used as a mordant
by dyers.
Iron man (Cotton Manuf.), a name for the self-acting
spinning mule.
Iron mold or Iron mould, a yellow spot on cloth stained
by rusty iron.
Iron ore (Min.), any native compound of iron from which the
metal may be profitably extracted. The principal ores are
magnetite, hematite, siderite, limonite, G["o]thite,
turgite, and the bog and clay iron ores.
Iron pyrites (Min.), common pyrites, or pyrite. See
Pyrites.
Iron sand, an iron ore in grains, usually the magnetic iron
ore, formerly used to sand paper after writing.
Iron scale, the thin film which forms on the surface of
wrought iron in the process of forging. It consists
essentially of the magnetic oxide of iron, Fe3O4.
Iron works, a furnace where iron is smelted, or a forge,
rolling mill, or foundry, where it is made into heavy
work, such as shafting, rails, cannon, merchant bar, etc.
[1913 Webster]
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:
Iron \I"ron\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ironed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ironing.]
[1913 Webster]
1. To smooth with an instrument of iron; especially, to
smooth, as cloth, with a heated flatiron; -- sometimes
used with out.
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2. To shackle with irons; to fetter or handcuff. "Ironed like
a malefactor." --Sir W. Scott.
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3. To furnish or arm with iron; as, to iron a wagon.
iron out differences resolve differences; settle a dispute.
[PJC] Ironbark
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:
Irony \I"ron*y\, a. [From Iron.]
[1913 Webster]
1. Made or consisting of iron; partaking of iron; iron; as,
irony chains; irony particles; -- In this sense iron is
the more common term. [R.] --Woodward.
[1913 Webster +PJC]
2. Resembling iron in taste, hardness, or other physical
property.
[1913 Webster]
Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:
240 Moby Thesaurus words for "iron":
Gibraltar, Oregon boat, adamant, adamantine, aluminum, americium,
aureate, barium, beryllium, bicycle, bike, bilbo, bismuth, bond,
bonds, bone, brass, brassy, brazen, brick, bridle, bronze, bronzy,
buff, buffer, cadmium, calcium, calender, camisole, cast-iron,
cement, cerium, cesium, chains, chamois, chopper, chrome, chromium,
cobalt, collar, concrete, copper, coppery, cuffs, cupreous,
cuprous, cycle, diamond, dour, drag, dysprosium, erbium, europium,
ferrous, ferruginous, fetter, fetters, firm, flint, flinty,
fundamentalist, gadolinium, gag, gallium, germanium, gilt, glazer,
gold, gold-filled, gold-plated, golden, goose, grader, granite,
grim, gyves, halter, hamper, handcuffs, hard, hard-core, harrow,
heart of oak, hidebound, hobbles, holmium, hopples, horse,
hot-press, immovable, immutable, implacable, impliable, indium,
inelastic, inexorable, inflexible, intransigent, iridium,
ironbound, ironclad, ironhanded, ironlike, irons, irreconcilable,
lanthanum, lead, leaden, leading strings, leash, lion, lithium,
lutetium, magnesia, magnesium, manacle, manganese, mangle, marble,
mercurial, mercurous, mercury, minibike, molybdenum, motocycle,
motorbike, motorcycle, muscle-bound, muzzle, nails, neodymium,
nickel, nickelic, nickeline, niobium, oak, obdurate, obstinate,
orthodox, osmium, ox, palladium, pedicab, pewter, pewtery,
phosphorus, pig, pillory, plane, platinum, polisher, polonium,
potassium, praseodymium, press, procrustean, promethium,
protactinium, purist, puristic, puritan, puritanic, quicksilver,
radium, reins, relentless, restraint, restraints, rhenium, rigid,
rigorist, rigoristic, rigorous, road-bike, rock, rock-ribbed,
rockbound, roll, roller, rolling pin, rubidium, ruthenium,
samarium, sander, scandium, shackle, silver, silver-plated,
silvery, sodium, steamroller, steel, steely, stern, stiff, stocks,
stone, straightjacket, straightlaced, strait-waistcoat,
straitjacket, straitlaced, stranglehold, strontium, stubborn,
tantalum, technetium, terbium, tether, thallium, thulium, tin,
tinny, titanium, trail bike, trammel, trammels, tricycle, trike,
trowel, tungsten, unaffected, unalterable, unbending, unchangeable,
uncompromising, ungiving, unmoved, unrelenting, unyielding,
uranium, vanadium, wheel, wolfram, wringer, yoke, ytterbium,
yttrium, zinc, zirconium
The Elements (07Nov00):
iron
Symbol: Fe
Atomic number: 26
Atomic weight: 55.847
Silvery malleable and ductile metallic transition element. Has nine
isotopes and is the fourth most abundant element in the earth's crust.
Required by living organisms as a trace element (used in hemoglobin in
humans.) Quite reactive, oxidizes in moist air, displaces hydrogen from
dilute acids and combines with nonmetallic elements.
Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary:
Iron
Tubal-Cain is the first-mentioned worker in iron (Gen. 4:22).
The Egyptians wrought it at Sinai before the Exodus. David
prepared it in great abundance for the temple (1 Chr. 22:3:
29:7). The merchants of Dan and Javan brought it to the market
of Tyre (Ezek. 27:19). Various instruments are mentioned as made
of iron (Deut. 27:5; 19:5; Josh. 17:16, 18; 1 Sam. 17:7; 2 Sam.
12:31; 2 Kings 6:5, 6; 1 Chr. 22:3; Isa. 10:34).
Figuratively, a yoke of iron (Deut. 28:48) denotes hard
service; a rod of iron (Ps. 2:9), a stern government; a pillar
of iron (Jer. 1:18), a strong support; a furnace of iron (Deut.
4:20), severe labour; a bar of iron (Job 40:18), strength;
fetters of iron (Ps. 107:10), affliction; giving silver for iron
(Isa. 60:17), prosperity.
U.S. Gazetteer Counties (2000):
Iron -- U.S. County in Michigan
Population (2000): 13138
Housing Units (2000): 8772
Land area (2000): 1166.355280 sq. miles (3020.846180 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 44.665114 sq. miles (115.682109 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 1211.020394 sq. miles (3136.528289 sq. km)
Located within: Michigan (MI), FIPS 26
Location: 46.196152 N, 88.561747 W
Headwords:
Iron
Iron, MI
Iron County
Iron County, MI
U.S. Gazetteer Counties (2000):
Iron -- U.S. County in Missouri
Population (2000): 10697
Housing Units (2000): 4907
Land area (2000): 551.339034 sq. miles (1427.961482 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 0.713741 sq. miles (1.848581 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 552.052775 sq. miles (1429.810063 sq. km)
Located within: Missouri (MO), FIPS 29
Location: 37.539303 N, 90.743905 W
Headwords:
Iron
Iron, MO
Iron County
Iron County, MO
U.S. Gazetteer Counties (2000):
Iron -- U.S. County in Utah
Population (2000): 33779
Housing Units (2000): 13618
Land area (2000): 3297.975636 sq. miles (8541.717322 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 3.865699 sq. miles (10.012113 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 3301.841335 sq. miles (8551.729435 sq. km)
Located within: Utah (UT), FIPS 49
Location: 37.784276 N, 113.227675 W
Headwords:
Iron
Iron, UT
Iron County
Iron County, UT
U.S. Gazetteer Counties (2000):
Iron -- U.S. County in Wisconsin
Population (2000): 6861
Housing Units (2000): 5706
Land area (2000): 757.232077 sq. miles (1961.221992 sq. km)
Water area (2000): 162.006563 sq. miles (419.595054 sq. km)
Total area (2000): 919.238640 sq. miles (2380.817046 sq. km)
Located within: Wisconsin (WI), FIPS 55
Location: 46.283595 N, 90.203904 W
Headwords:
Iron
Iron, WI
Iron County
Iron County, WI