The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Goiter \Goi"ter\ Goitre \Goi"tre\, n. [F. go[^i]tre, L. guttur
   throat, cf. tumidum guttur goiter, gutturosus goitered. See
   Guttural.] (Med.)
   An enlargement of the thyroid gland, on the anterior part of
   the neck, usually resulting from iodine deficiency;
   bronchocele. It is frequently associated with cretinism, and
   was at one time common in mountainous regions, especially in
   certain parts of Switzerland. The incidence of goiter has
   been substantially reduced by addition of iodine to ceratin
   foods, such as salt.

   Syn: struma.
        [1913 Webster + WordNet 1.5] Goitered

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

goiter
    n 1: abnormally enlarged thyroid gland; can result from
         underproduction or overproduction of hormone or from a
         deficiency of iodine in the diet [syn: goiter, goitre,
         struma, thyromegaly]

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

25 Moby Thesaurus words for "goiter":
   Lombardy leprosy, anemia, ariboflavinosis, beriberi, cachexia,
   chlorosis, deficiency anemia, dermatitis, greensickness,
   keratomalacia, kwashiorkor, maidism, malnutrition, night blindness,
   osteomalacia, osteoporosis, pellagra, pernicious anemia,
   protein deficiency, rachitis, rickets, scurvy, struma,
   vitamin deficiency, xerophthalmia