The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Chian \Chi"an\a. [L. chius, fr. Chios the island Chios, Gr. ?.]
   Of or pertaining to Chios, an island in the [AE]gean Sea.
   [1913 Webster]

   Chian earth, a dense, compact kind of earth, from Chios,
      used anciently as an astringent and a cosmetic.

   Chian turpentine, a fragrant, almost transparent
      turpentine, obtained from the Pistacia Terebinthus.
      [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

Chian turpentine
    n 1: a turpentine exuded by the terebinth