The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Charlotte \Char"lotte\, n. [F.]
   A kind of pie or pudding made by lining a dish with slices of
   bread, and filling it with bread soaked in milk, and baked.
   [1913 Webster]

   Charlotte Russe, or Charlotte [`a] la russe [F., lit.,
      Russian charlotte] (Cookery), a dish composed of custard
      or whipped cream, inclosed in sponge cake.
      [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

charlotte russe
    n 1: lady fingers enclosing Bavarian cream