The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Caprification \Cap`ri*fi*ca"tion\, n. [L. caprificatio, fr.
   caprificare to ripen figs by caprification, fr. caprificus
   the wild fig; caper goat + ficus fig.]
   The practice of hanging, upon the cultivated fig tree,
   branches of the wild fig infested with minute hymenopterous
   insects.
   [1913 Webster]

   Note: It is supposed that the little insects insure
         fertilization by carrying the pollen from the male
         flowers near the opening of the fig down to the female
         flowers, and also accelerate ripening the fruit by
         puncturing it. The practice has existed since ancient
         times, but its benefit has been disputed.
         [1913 Webster]