The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Arterial \Ar*te"ri*al\, a. [Cf. F. art['e]riel.]
   1. Of or pertaining to an artery, or the arteries; as,
      arterial action; the arterial system.
      [1913 Webster]

   2. Of or pertaining to a main channel (resembling an artery),
      as a river, canal, or railroad.
      [1913 Webster]

   Arterial blood, blood which has been changed and vitalized
      (arterialized) during passage through the lungs.
      [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

arterial
    adj 1: of or involving or contained in the arteries; "arterial
           disease"; "the arterial system"; "arterial blood"

Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0:

80 Moby Thesaurus words for "arterial":
   Autobahn, US highway, alley, alleyway, arterial highway,
   arterial street, artery, autoroute, autostrada, avenue,
   belt highway, blind alley, boulevard, bypass, byway, camino real,
   capillary, carriageway, causeway, causey, chaussee,
   circumferential, close, corduroy road, county road, court,
   crescent, cul-de-sac, dead-end street, dike, dirt road, drive,
   driveway, expressway, freeway, gravel road, highroad, highway,
   highways and byways, interstate highway, lane, local road,
   main drag, main road, mews, motorway, parkway, pave, paved road,
   pike, place, plank road, primary highway, private road,
   right-of-way, ring road, road, roadbed, roadway, route nationale,
   row, royal road, secondary road, speedway, state highway, street,
   superhighway, terrace, thoroughfare, through street, thruway,
   toll road, township road, turnpike, vascular, veinous, venose,
   venous, vesicular, wynd