The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Horse-chestnut \Horse`-chest"nut\, Horsechestnut
\Horse`chest"nut\, n.
   1. (Bot.) The large nutlike seed of a species of Aesculus
      (Aesculus Hippocastanum), formerly ground, and fed to
      horses, whence the name. The seed is not considered edible
      by humans. [WordNet sense 2]
      [1913 Webster + WordNet 1.5]

   2. (Bot.) The tree itself (Aesculus hippocastanum), which
      was brought from Constantinople in the beginning of the
      sixteenth century, and is now common in the temperate
      zones of both hemispheres; it has palmate leaves and large
      clusters of white to red flowers followed by brown shiny
      inedible seeds. The native American species is also called
      buckeye and conker. [WordNet sense 1]
      [1913 Webster + WordNet 1.5]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Esculin \Es*cu"lin\, n. [See Esculic.] (Chem.)
   A glucoside obtained from the [AE]sculus hippocastanum, or
   horse-chestnut, and characterized by its fine blue
   fluorescent solutions. [Written also [ae]sculin.]
   [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

Aesculus hippocastanum
    n 1: tree having palmate leaves and large clusters of white to
         red flowers followed by brown shiny inedible seeds [syn:
         horse chestnut, buckeye, Aesculus hippocastanum]