The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Temperature \Tem"per*a*ture\, n. [F. temp['e]rature, L.
   temperatura due measure, proportion, temper, temperament.]
   1. Constitution; state; degree of any quality.
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            The best composition and temperature is, to have
            openness in fame and opinion, secrecy in habit,
            dissimulation in seasonable use, and a power to
            feign, if there be no remedy.         --Bacon.
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            Memory depends upon the consistence and the
            temperature of the brain.             --I. Watts.
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   2. Freedom from passion; moderation. [Obs.]
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            In that proud port, which her so goodly graceth,
            Most goodly temperature you may descry. --Spenser.
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   3. (Physics) Condition with respect to heat or cold,
      especially as indicated by the sensation produced, or by
      the thermometer or pyrometer; degree of heat or cold; as,
      the temperature of the air; high temperature; low
      temperature; temperature of freezing or of boiling.

   Note: The temperature of a liquid or a solid body as measured
         by a thermometer is a measure of the average kinetic
         energy of the consituent atoms or molecules of the
         body. For other states of matter such as plasma,
         electromagnetic radiation, or subatomic particles, an
         analogous measure of the average kinetic energy may be
         expressed as a temperature, although it could never be
         measured by a traditional thermometer, let alone by
         sensing with the skin.
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   4. Mixture; compound. [Obs.]
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            Made a temperature of brass and iron together.
                                                  --Holland.
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   5. (Physiol. & Med.) The degree of heat of the body of a
      living being, esp. of the human body; also (Colloq.),
      loosely, the excess of this over the normal (of the human
      body 98[deg]-99.5[deg] F., in the mouth of an adult about
      98.4[deg]).
      [Webster 1913 Suppl.]

   Absolute temperature. (Physics) See under Absolute.

   Animal temperature (Physiol.), the nearly constant
      temperature maintained in the bodies of warm-blooded
      (homoiothermal) animals during life. The ultimate source
      of the heat is to be found in the potential energy of the
      food and the oxygen which is absorbed from the air during
      respiration. See Homoiothermal.

   Temperature sense (Physiol.), the faculty of perceiving
      cold and warmth, and so of perceiving differences of
      temperature in external objects. --H. N. Martin.
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The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48:

Absolute \Ab"so*lute\, a. [L. absolutus, p. p. of absolvere: cf.
   F. absolu. See Absolve.]
   1. Loosed from any limitation or condition; uncontrolled;
      unrestricted; unconditional; as, absolute authority,
      monarchy, sovereignty, an absolute promise or command;
      absolute power; an absolute monarch.
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   2. Complete in itself; perfect; consummate; faultless; as,
      absolute perfection; absolute beauty.
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            So absolute she seems,
            And in herself complete.              --Milton.
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   3. Viewed apart from modifying influences or without
      comparison with other objects; actual; real; -- opposed to
      relative and comparative; as, absolute motion;
      absolute time or space.
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   Note: Absolute rights and duties are such as pertain to man
         in a state of nature as contradistinguished from
         relative rights and duties, or such as pertain to him
         in his social relations.
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   4. Loosed from, or unconnected by, dependence on any other
      being; self-existent; self-sufficing.
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   Note: In this sense God is called the Absolute by the Theist.
         The term is also applied by the Pantheist to the
         universe, or the total of all existence, as only
         capable of relations in its parts to each other and to
         the whole, and as dependent for its existence and its
         phenomena on its mutually depending forces and their
         laws.
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   5. Capable of being thought or conceived by itself alone;
      unconditioned; non-relative.
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   Note: It is in dispute among philosopher whether the term, in
         this sense, is not applied to a mere logical fiction or
         abstraction, or whether the absolute, as thus defined,
         can be known, as a reality, by the human intellect.
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               To Cusa we can indeed articulately trace, word
               and thing, the recent philosophy of the absolute.
                                                  --Sir W.
                                                  Hamilton.
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   6. Positive; clear; certain; not doubtful. [R.]
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            I am absolute 't was very Cloten.     --Shak.
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   7. Authoritative; peremptory. [R.]
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            The peddler stopped, and tapped her on the head,
            With absolute forefinger, brown and ringed. --Mrs.
                                                  Browning.
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   8. (Chem.) Pure; unmixed; as, absolute alcohol.
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   9. (Gram.) Not immediately dependent on the other parts of
      the sentence in government; as, the case absolute. See
      Ablative absolute, under Ablative.
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   Absolute curvature (Geom.), that curvature of a curve of
      double curvature, which is measured in the osculating
      plane of the curve.

   Absolute equation (Astron.), the sum of the optic and
      eccentric equations.

   Absolute space (Physics), space considered without relation
      to material limits or objects.

   Absolute terms. (Alg.), such as are known, or which do not
      contain the unknown quantity. --Davies & Peck.

   Absolute temperature (Physics), the temperature as measured
      on a scale determined by certain general thermo-dynamic
      principles, and reckoned from the absolute zero.

   Absolute zero (Physics), the be ginning, or zero point, in
      the scale of absolute temperature. It is equivalent to
      -273[deg] centigrade or -459.4[deg] Fahrenheit.
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   Syn: Positive; peremptory; certain; unconditional; unlimited;
        unrestricted; unqualified; arbitrary; despotic;
        autocratic.
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WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006):

absolute temperature
    n 1: temperature measured on the absolute scale